High-yielding cultivation techniques of Ophiophora japonica

Ophiopogon japonicus, alias Ophiopogon japonicus, along the step grass. The underground rhizome is used as medicine, which has the effect of nourishing yin and clearing heat, moistening the lungs, nourishing the stomach, promoting fluid and relieving thirst. It mainly produces Sichuan, Zhejiang, Hubei, Henan, Hunan, Fujian, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Anhui and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics

Liliaceae perennial evergreen herbs, plants tufted, 12-40 cm tall, covering 30-40 cm. Rhizome stout, white, articulate, covered with membranous scales on nodes. Fibrous root, which is rooted around the thick and short stem base, mostly, stout, tough, whitish. Apex or middle inflated into fusiform fleshy roots, white. Leaves fascicled at the base of stem, narrow and linear, with many fibrous old leaf residues at base, leaves 15-40 cm long and 1.5-4 mm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base green-white and slightly enlarged, with membranous transparent leaf sheaths at margin. The leaf margin has fine spiny hairs, both sides are smooth and glabrous, the leaf surface is dark green or dark green, and the back is pink green. The veins are parallel. Scape drawn from leaves, 7-15 cm long, hidden in foliage; raceme spikelike, terminal, 3-9 cm long, flowers about 10, bracteoles membranous, each bract axillary 1-3 flowers; pedicels thick and short, 3-4 mm long; flowers small, slightly pendulous, lavender and light blue, occasionally white; perianth 6, not spreading, lanceolate, parted to base, basally connate; stamens 6, inserted at base of perianth segments. Ovary half inferior, 3 rooms. The fruit is berrylike, globose, dark purple after maturity, containing 1 globular seed, hard and translucent.

Ophiopogon hupehensis: the root is thicker, sometimes branched, and the middle or near end often expands into an oval or spindle-shaped fleshy root. The rhizome is short. The leaves are not as straight as Ophiopogon japonicus, the leaf color is lighter, and the stamens have no pollen grains. The flowers were divided into 2-3 batches. When the first batch of flowers bloomed, the scape was obviously shorter than the leaves, and when the second batch of flowers bloomed, the scape was shorter or longer than the leaves, and then the scape gradually elongated, and the peduncle was obviously longer than the leaves. After flowering, most of the remaining pedicels in the axils of pedicel bracts were 6-8, and leaf clusters grew under the pedicel clusters.

I. growth habits

Mai Dongxi has a warm and humid environment. Fields that are cold-resistant, afraid of drought, like water and fertilizer, and do not have irrigation conditions are not suitable for planting. It is suitable to grow in deep, loose and fertile sandy loam.

II. Soil preparation and fertilization

Select high-lying, well-drained fields and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu.

Third, sowing seeds

Split root propagation was used in Ophiopogon japonicus production. Sowing time before and after the Qingming Festival, Ophiopogon japonicus, which has been growing for a year, will be dug out, the soil will be cleaned, and the roots will be picked. Cut off the lower rhizome nodes with a knife or scissors. Then cut off the upper leaves by 1/3. Each cluster is divided into 3 Murray and 4 pinch. Then planted, the row spacing is 20 × 30 cm. When planting, watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive.

IV. Field management

After Ophiopogon japonicus survived, pay attention to ploughing and weeding. If planting on a large scale, herbicides should be used to treat the soil before seedling, which can effectively control all kinds of weeds. Pay attention to watering in dry weather and drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. Ophiopogon likes water and fertilizer and should be watered regularly to keep the ground moist. Topdressing should be applied once in the period of bolting and flowering. 10 kg urea and 10 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate were applied per mu. To promote the growth of underground roots.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Ophiopogon japonicus is prone to leaf blight in dry season. Black spot disease is easy to occur in rainy weather. It can be prevented and treated with Bordeaux solution or carbendazim before onset. Underground pests are trapped and killed with caprylic acid and poison bait.

VI. Harvesting and processing

The growing period of Ophiopogon japonicus is one year. The harvest time is around Qingming Festival. Remove the soil from the planed underground roots, wash them with water, dry them for 4 days, then dry them for 3 days, then knead them for 3 days, then extract the heart. It can be sold as medicine after drying or drying. The yield is 150 kg per mu.