Cultivation techniques of Radix Aucklandiae

Yun Muxiang, also known as Muxiang and Guang Muxiang, is a perennial plant of Compositae. It has the effect of invigorating stomach, relieving depression, relieving pain and calming fetus by using underground rhizome as medicine. It can be used for qi stagnation, soothing the liver, invigorating the stomach, treating all stomachache, stopping food accumulation, chest fullness, abdominal distension, vomiting and diarrhea, etc. Mainly produces Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and other places.

Morphological characteristics

Yun Mu Xiang is a tall perennial herb, 1 Mel 2 meters high, the main root is stout, cylindrical, with a special aroma. Basal leaves larger, long-stipitate, leaf blade triangular-ovate or triangular, base cordate, 30 cm long and 15 cm wide, margin microwave, sparsely shortly spiny, tomentose on both surfaces. Capitate inflorescences solitary or 2Mel 6 families born at stem tips or leaf axils. The flowers are all tubular, dark purple. Achene oblong, angled, dark brown, with a feathery crown at the upper end.

I. growth habits

Aristolochia mandshurica is suitable for growing in the alpine mountain area with an altitude of 2700 ℃ and 3300 meters above sea level, with hardy and fertilizer-loving habits, and fast growth in spring and autumn; slow growth in high temperature and rainy season, poor growth or even death when the daily average temperature in summer is above 25 ℃ and the highest temperature is more than 30 ℃; it is afraid of strong light in seedling stage and needs proper shading, flowering from July to August and fruit from August to October.

Yun Mu Xiang requires cool and humid climatic conditions. Because it is a deep-rooted plant, it is suitable to choose the soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage, and the soil acidity and alkalinity of Ph6.5-7 is slightly acidic to neutral.

II. Land selection and land preparation

The previous crops should be selected for corn, potato, angelica and other crops, black oil sands and white oil sands with good drainage and fertile soil. if the newly reclaimed land is newly reclaimed, it should first be abandoned (burning weeds and other plants on the wasteland). After the plot is selected, it is necessary to turn the weeds and other things into the ground and freeze them. Turn again in February and March of the following year, open ditches according to the row spacing of 40-45 cm, apply about 60000 kg of rotten fertilizer per hectare such as barnyard manure and sheep dung as base fertilizer, to prevent underground pests from being attracted by the aroma of wood root, and then turn the soil (so that the dung soil is uniform) to break and rake flat to make a border 100cm wide or 130cm wide.

Third, sowing seeds

Seed direct seeding is widely used, but asexual reproduction can also be used in the case of insufficient seeds. Seed reproduction is divided into two seasons of sowing in spring and autumn, spring sowing in early April, autumn sowing in August to September, due to climate differences, the sowing time is different.

Seed reproduction: after the seeds are harvested, the seeds are dried and cleaned, soaked in 30 ℃ warm water for spring sowing, stirring cool, floating impurities and blighted seeds from the top, soaking the full seeds at the bottom for 24 hours, taking out the seeds, sowing them until semi-dry, the seeds are treated and germinated in advance, and the seedlings emerge neatly. Seedlings can emerge about a week after sowing. If the soil is dry and there is no irrigation, the seeds should not be treated, so as to avoid the loss of water and germination ability after sowing. Autumn sowing seeds are not treated, hole sowing or strip sowing are used directly. Yunnan is trenched according to row spacing of 45 cm and ditch depth of 2 cm to 3 cm. Spread the seeds evenly into the ditch, using 11.25-15kg per hectare and covering 3-5cm of soil. Hole sowing every 6-8 cm to put 2-3 seeds, sowing rate of 7.5-15 kg per hectare, covering soil after sowing. If the soil is wet, cover it with 5 cm. Sichuan and Hubei use Gaobu hole sowing. Four rows of holes are opened on the high border 130 cm wide, with a distance of 30 cm and a depth of 5 cm. Each hole is sown with 6 grains and 10 grains. After sowing, cover the soil and level off. If propagated with fine roots, plant at a distance of 40 cm * 15 cm. Cover the soil and cover the roots tightly.

Asexual reproduction: select fine roots that cannot be used medicinally and those with a diameter of 3-5 cm are used as breeding materials. Although Aristolochia mandshurica has strong vitality and can emerge in a year, the shape of the old root is not good, the end of the fine root is clustered with many short fibrous roots, and the quality of the product is poor.

Interplanting: because Yun Mu Xiang is afraid of strong light in the seedling stage, Angelica dahurica is planted on the ground where potatoes are 120 cm wide, and corn is planted after potato harvest, which plays a shading role and receives grain. After that, there was no need for shade for two years, because Yunshuixiu had grown up.

IV. Field management

1. Interseedling and supplementary seedling: in the seedling stage, the first seedling is about 5 cm in height, and the second time when the seedling grows 4 true leaves, one seedling is left at an interval of 15 cm, 2 seedlings are left in each hole, and the extra seedlings are produced between them, and the seedlings are replanted in the lack of seedlings. The seedlings should be checked in the last ploughing every year, and those with lack of seedlings should be replanted to ensure that the whole seedling is 180000 plants per hectare, and only the whole seedling can have a high yield.

2. Ploughing and weeding: pull up the grass after emergence, because the seedling is small, the root can not be removed too deep, when the seedling grows to 6 or 7 true leaves, the second shallow removal, do not hurt the root, otherwise the seedling will die. The third weeding in mid-late July. In the second year of the growth of Yunxiang, the green seedlings produced new leaves and weeded for the first time, followed by the second intermediate ploughing and weeding in mid-late July. After the seedlings returned to green in the third year, the seedlings were cut once and weeded and loosened the soil.

3. Topdressing: after the planting of Radix Aucklandiae, combined with the second intertillage and weeding, when 6 true leaves were grown in the first year, manure was applied once, 1500O~18750 kg pine hectare, and 1:3 human feces and urine (feces and urine: water) or 225,300 kg pine hectare ammonium sulfate from July to August. After the seedlings came out in the second year, combined with loosening the soil and weeding for the first time, 11250-15000 kg of barnyard manure was applied. During the growth of Aristolochia mandshurica, it is necessary to water during the drought and after the application of chemical fertilizer in the first year.

4. Cutting flower bolts and beating old leaves: after growing for two years, the old leaves were beaten once from July to August combined with ploughing and weeding, and 4 or 5 old leaves were knocked out from each plant, and the old leaves and tender leaves could be used as fodder. Around May of the second year after sowing, some plants are more flowering, which should be cut off when bolting, and then cut again, so as not to affect the growth of the root. In the third year, in order to keep the seed, the rest of the flower base should also be cut off.

5. Cultivate the soil: Yun Muxiang needs to cultivate the root soil once in the first and second autumn. After the aboveground withered, the soil is about 12 cm thick, which can improve the yield and quality.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Yun Mu Xiang diseases and insect pests, mainly root rot and insect pests.

1, root rot disease: the main cause of the disease is high groundwater level, poor drainage, easy to get root rot disease, the growing period should pay attention to drainage, can avoid occurrence.

2. Aphids: aphids are easy to occur in late summer and early autumn.

Control method: spray with 0.5kg of dimethoate emulsion and 1000 kg of water.

3. Scale insects: belonging to the family Homoptera. Yun Mu Xiang is endangered throughout the year, and the fastest growing season is early autumn.