Cultivation techniques of grass and fruit

It has the functions of drying dampness and removing cold, expelling phlegm and intercepting malaria, eliminating food and disruption, treating malaria, fullness of phlegm and drink, epigastric cold pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, food accumulation and so on. Grass fruits are mainly distributed in Vietnam. China is produced in Guangxi and Yunnan Province.

Morphological characteristics

Perennial herbs. The plant is 2.5 meters high, the rhizome is transverse, stout and jointed, and the aboveground stem is erect, tufted. Leaves arranged in 2 rows, leaf blade long elliptic or narrowly oblong, apex acuminate, base attenuate, entire, leaves smooth and glabrous on both sides, leaf sheath open, phimosis, ligule 0.8 ml 1.2 cm long; spikes drawn from rhizome, each inflorescence has 5 Mel 30 flowers, yellow or red flowers The capsule is dense, oblong or ovate-elliptic, with a persistent style at the top, red when ripe, irregularly wrinkled on the outer surface, and polygonal seeds inside. The florescence is from April to May and the fruiting period is from June to November.

I. growth habits

Like the warm and cool mountain climate. With an annual average temperature of 18 ℃ and 20 ℃, when the absolute low temperature is I ℃, there is no freezing injury; if the flowering season is moist, afraid of drought, if the rainfall is moderate, the fruit will be more, the fruit preservation rate will be high, if the rainfall is too much, the rotten flowers will not bear fruit, and if there is a drought in the flowering season, most of the flowers will dry up and cannot bear fruit. The grass and fruit is a shady plant, which is not resistant to strong sunlight and likes the shady environment of trees, with a general canopy density of 50% and 60%, while the soil is suitable for slightly acidic fertile soil rich in humus and loose texture in the shady and humic part of the valley.

II. Land selection and land preparation

It is appropriate to choose valley slopes, streams or sparse forests, the soil is rich in humus, loose sand loam, barren soil and heavy clay should not be planted. In the selected woodland, weeds and shrubs should be cleared, trees that are too dense should also be thinned, the canopy density should be adjusted to 50%, 60%, and the soil depth should be 20-27 cm. The width of the bed is 1.2 mi 1.5 meters. The hole is 40 cm X 40 cm X 30 cm. Compost, barnyard manure and burnt soil are used as base manure. Mix well with topsoil and wait for planting.

Third, sowing seeds

The method of reproduction is to propagate with seeds and ramets.

1. Seed propagation

① selected high-yielding plants with large fruit grains, full seeds and no diseases and insect pests as seed collection plants. ② seed picking and seed treatment when the pericarp is purplish red, the seeds are silver gray, and the sweet fruits are chewed, and then the full, fully ripe, pest-free fruits are selected for seed, which should be sowed along with picking. Peel off the pericarp before sowing, wash the pulp, soak the seeds in clean water for 12 hours, then rub the seeds in a bamboo dustpan with coarse sand to wipe off the aril. Or mix the seeds with 30% plant charcoal, rub the seeds by hand, remove the surface colloid layer, and then sow or dry to sow the seeds in the following spring. The sowing date of ③ is available in spring and autumn, and it is better to sow in autumn. Spring sowing should be carried out when the temperature rises to more than 18 ℃, and the average monthly temperature of autumn sowing is above 18 ℃. Within one month, a large number of seeds germinate and unearthed. The germination rate can reach more than 80% in 50 days after sowing, and more than 90% from December to February of the following year. When sowing with ④ sowing method, ditches were opened on the border with a row spacing of 15m / 20cm, and the plant spacing was about 6cm. The sowing depth was 1.5m / 2cm. After sowing, the grass was covered with soil and covered with water. The seedlings can be planted after half a year.

2. Ramet propagation

Before the new buds began to germinate in spring and had not yet been unearthed, the annual robust ramets were selected from the mother plant cluster, the lower leaves were cut off, and 3 upper leaves were left to reduce water evaporation. The root with bud is dug up, truncated 7 Mel 10 cm, truncated and planted. According to the row spacing 1.3m XI.7 meters open holes, planting hole specifications for 50cm X 50cm X 40cm, each hole planting 1 cluster, covered with soil compaction, drenched enough to set the root water.

IV. Field management

1. Shading: uncover the grass immediately after emergence, if the canopy density is not enough, you can set up a simple shade.

2. Weeding in the middle tillage: from April to June every year, the weeding is done once in the middle tillage, and in the last time of weeding, the dead old and diseased plants are removed.

In early spring, fine chicken manure is mixed with charcoal and sprinkled around the plant. when it blossoms in summer, plant ash is sprinkled on the leaves before the dew is dry in the early morning for topdressing the roots, and stable manure and burning soil are used to cover the roots after fruit harvest in early winter. It can also be combined with ploughing and weeding, opening annular ditches and applying topdressing.

4. Cultivate the soil: after planting the grass and fruit before flowering, cultivate the soil to make the buds grow healthily. After flowering, do not stand up to cultivate the soil, so as not to hurt the buds and cause rot and failure to bear fruit. Every time when weeding, if you find the exposed fibrous root, you can cultivate a small amount of humus at the fibrous root to facilitate the root to absorb nutrients.

5. Drainage and irrigation: when there is a spherical bud in the root, it should be irrigated in time when there is a drought; Rain Water should pay attention to drainage when there is too much, so as not to hurt the bud, and at the same time remove the sundries around the bud to make it ventilated and transparent, so as to avoid falling flowers and rotten fruit.

6. Adjust canopy density: grass fruit needs some shade during the whole growth and development stage. when the tree growth causes insufficient transmittance in the forest, it should be thinned or pruned properly to control the canopy density at 50% 60% to facilitate the growth of new plants.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Rhizoctonia solani: damage to seedlings, which occurs between March and April, and in severe cases can cause seedlings to fall in pieces. Prevention and treatment methods: before sowing ①, disinfect the soil with 70% pentachloronitrobenzene; after ③ seedlings are unearthed, prevent them with 120 times Bordeaux solution; after the onset of ③, remove the diseased plant, remove lime powder around the diseased plant, use 50% carbendazim 1000 solution, spray once every 7 days, spray 2 times continuously.

Drill beetle: the stem that harms the grass and fruit. Control method: if you find the insect, you should cut off the withered plant in time and spray it with 50% fenitrothion EC diluted 800-1000 times.

VI. Harvesting and processing

The grass fruit will blossom and bear fruit after 2 years of planting, and it will take 7 years to enter a large number of fruiting period. After the Beginning of Autumn, the fruit was harvested when it matured, turned grayish brown and did not crack from September to October. The picked fruit is directly dried in the sun or dried over a low fire, otherwise it is easy to mildew and deteriorate. It is necessary to master the heat when baking, the fire will be scorched, and if the fire is small, it will become a mildew fruit. Therefore, when baking, the firepower should be uniform, the furnace temperature should be kept between 50 ℃ and 60 min, and often turn over to make it heated evenly. The fresh fruit can also be blanched in boiling water, dried, and then baked over low heat to get dried fruit.