Cultivation techniques of Wenyujin

Curcuma wenyujin also known as zedoary, commonly known as turmeric, perennial herbs, ginger plants. Curcuma is a fleshy root tuber, and the underground part of the stem and leaf base of the plant is zedoary turmeric. The root tuber has the medicinal effects of promoting qi and relieving depression, cooling blood and breaking blood stasis, promoting gallbladder and removing jaundice, and relieving pain; the root tuber is used for treating blood stasis, amenorrhea, abdominal pain, traumatic injury, etc. It is mainly distributed in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, southern Zhejiang and other areas, and other places are also planted.

As Curcuma wenyujin is a two-part medicinal plants, so in order to make Curcuma wenyujin, Curcuma zedoary good growth, high yield, good medicinal quality, we must pay attention to the following cultivation management points:

1. Growth Habits

Curcuma wenyujin likes temperature, drought resistance, avoid waterlogging, fear frost, the whole growth period is about 240 days, generally planted in the first month of the lunar calendar, the middle of October of the lunar calendar can be harvested. When the temperature is basically stable above 13℃, the root seedlings of Curcuma wenyujin can germinate and break through the soil and grow seedlings. The yield and medicinal quality of Curcuma longa and Zedoary turmeric can be improved by sowing at proper time, but the growth period can be shortened by sowing too late, and the yield and quality can be reduced.

II. Cultivation

Selection of rhizomes: rhizomes are divided into six categories: old man, big head, two heads, three heads, nipples, small nipples, etc. Production on the commonly used robust, full buds, no pests, short shape of the two, three for seed use. The shorter the rootstock, the thicker the better.

The next seed: clear before and after the next seed is appropriate. Narrow beds 33 cm apart, single row. Wide bed spacing of 50 cm, triangular holes planted in two rows. Hole diameter 18-20 cm, deep 6-10 cm, hole bottom flat, avoid too deep bottom tip. Too deep root tuber scattered mining charges labor and not easy to harvest net. Each hole obliquely planted a rhizome, bud upward, covered with coke mud, soil 4-7 cm, and then spread fence fertilizer. 1500- 2000kg per mu, covered with 2000kg of burnt mud.

III. Rational fertilization

Curcuma zedoary is the underground part of plant stem and leaf base. During the whole growth process, it needs certain water and nutrition to promote its growth and development, and it also needs to absorb water and nutrients in soil by growing fibrous roots to transport them to plant leaves to make carbohydrates by light energy. It is transported from stem to plant nutrient roots, and transported from nutrient roots to Curcuma longa. Therefore, in cultivation management, it is necessary to use organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. In the early stage, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer was applied to promote seedlings, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were mainly used to promote the growth and development of Curcuma zedoary and Curcuma turmeric in the middle stage, and chemical fertilizer should not be applied in the late stage (at the end of June of the lunar calendar) because the root tuber of Curcuma turmeric had initially formed and the nutrient root was shallow from the topsoil of the tillage layer. Because the chemical fertilizer in the anhydrous dissolved conditions, too high a concentration will hurt the root fibers, there are withered seedlings, so that the young roots of nutritional turmeric mildew.

IV. Eliminate water stains and prevent mold roots

The dry land medicinal materials of warm and depressed metals like moisture and fear waterlogging, the fibrous roots of zedoary turmeric and the nutrient roots of radix curcumae are developed, and respiration is carried out during the growth process. The soil is waterlogged for a long time, and the oxygen in the soil gap is insufficient. The roots of Curcuma wenyujin breathe oxygen-free under the condition of hypoxia, and a large amount of alcohol is produced in the roots, which leads to the root rot and death. Therefore, eliminating waterlogging is an important measure to prevent mildew roots.

5. Timely harvest

The best harvest time of Curcuma wenyujin is about one week before the beginning of winter, when Curcuma wenyujin and Curcuma zedoary are fully mature, with low water content and high drug content. Early harvest affects yield and quality, late harvest will cause frost damage to Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoary, affecting yield and quality.