High-yield cultivation techniques of Polyporus umbellatus

Polyporus umbellatus, alias Pig urine, Heling, Fengling, Wutao and so on. Sclerotia is used as medicine, which is beneficial to the effect of water infiltration, expectoration and detoxification. Clinical treatment of glomerulonephritis edema, adverse urination, acute urinary tract infection, hot water diarrhea, turbid, red leucorrhea and other diseases. Its extract Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide has significant anticancer effect. The main producing areas are Shaanxi, Yunnan, Gansu, Jilin, Anhui, Shanxi and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics

It is a genus of porous bacteria of Polyporaceae, the sclerotia are long or irregular blocks, some are ginger-shaped, slightly flat, the surface is uneven, brown or dark brown, with wrinkles and tumor-like protrusions; the cross section is white or light brown, semi-lignified and lighter. The fruiting body arises from the underground sclerotia, often mostly connate, and the stalks are connected or branched at the base to form a clump of fungus lid, umbrella-shaped or umbrella-shaped semicircle, more than 15 cm in diameter. The cap is fleshy, hard and brittle after drying, round, 1cm wide, navel-shaped in the middle, and light brown to reddish brown on the surface. The flesh is thin and white, the tube and stalk are elongated, and the mouth of the tube is polygonal. The spores are oval under the microscope.

I. growth habits

The growth and development of Polyporus umbellatus needs nourishment from Armillaria mellea. The suitable temperature for mycelial growth was 22: 26 ℃. The suitable soil water content is 12-30%. The best pH value is 4.5-5.8. The best soil requirement is sandy yellow loam with deep, loose and fertile soil layer and rich in organic matter.

Second, cultivate the material and bed of Armillaria mellea

1. Mother seed production: raw material formula: 200g potato (peeled), 20g sucrose, 20g Agar, 1000 ml water. When making, first cut the peeled potatoes into thin slices, put them into 1000 milliliters of water, boil for half an hour, and then filter the dregs with double-layer gauze. Then dissolve the Agar in the filtrate. Add sugar and stir well. And add water to 1000 ml to form a liquid medium. The liquid culture medium was packed in a test tube with a funnel while it was hot, and the volume was 1/4 of the length of the test tube. After being wrapped with double Kraft paper, the liquid culture medium was put into a high-pressure sterilizer for sterilization. After sterilization, the test tube with medium was put diagonally while it was hot, cooled and solidified into bevel culture medium, and then Armillaria mellea tissue or spores were inoculated on the medium under aseptic condition by tissue separation or spore separation, and the mother clock was formed after culture.

2. Original seed production: the original seed culture medium formula is: wheat bran 50%, wheat bran 20%, sawdust 29%, gypsum powder 1%. Add an appropriate amount of water to the above ingredients, mix them evenly, and put them into a strain bottle. Blow through the air hole in the material center, seal the bottle mouth with cotton race and sterilize it. The original seed was obtained after inoculation under aseptic condition and incubation at room temperature of 22 ℃ for about 17 days, when the hyphae were covered with culture material.

3. Cultivation seed production: the culture medium is composed of sawdust 80% and potato juice 20%. When making, first put the sawdust in a triangle bottle, 10 grams per 500 ml bottle, then add potato juice to the bottle to make the sawdust wet through, and then continue to add to the liquid level 0.5 cm higher than the sawdust. Then cut the thick oak branches of the mother finger into 6-7 cm long segments, cut the skin into fish scales with a knife, and insert each bottle into three sections, so that the branches are half exposed to the culture material. After sterilization, the original seed was inserted into the flask under aseptic conditions. After cultured under 25 ℃ for one month, the cultivated species were obtained when a large number of brown-red Armillaria mellea grew on the culture medium and short branches in the flask.

4. expanded culture of cultivated species: select fresh broad-leaved branches less than 3 cm in diameter, cut into small segments of 30 cm, cut into fish scales with a knife, attach the cultivated species to the mouth of fish scales, and accumulate in a cellar 30 cm deep. Then cover the sawdust leaves on the surface, keep them moist, and culture them at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for about 2 months. After the hyphae grow all over the branches, they can be used as seed materials for culture.

5. Culture fungus material and fungus bed: from June to July, the branches with a diameter of about 10 cm on poplar, willow, mulberry, maple, birch or oak and other hard broad-leaved trees were cut into wood segments of 60 cm and dried for 15 days to make the water content about 70%. Cut it into a row of fish scales. Each section is in 3-4 rows, reaching to the xylem. Put it side by side in the cellar, then put the branches between the two sticks, 2-3 branches in each row. Then fill the gap with broad-leaved sawdust. So put it on another floor. Cover it with leaves and cover it with 10 cm thick soil to preserve soil moisture. Armillaria mellea can grow well after two months of culture.

3. Cultivating Polyporus umbellatus

In April to June or August to October, remove the bacterial bed, take out the upper layer of bacterial material, put into the pre-dug cellar, the spacing between the fungal materials is 10 cm. The lower floor is motionless. Attach small pieces of Polyporus umbellatus to the fish scale and both ends of the fungus, so that the species of Polyporus umbellatus is closely combined with the cross section or hyphae. After being connected, fill the humus soil. Press it gently. Then cover 10 cm of fine soil so that the top of the pit is in the shape of a tortoise to drain water and cover leaves to preserve soil moisture.

IV. Management

After planting Polyporus umbellatus, keep the soil in the cellar moist properly. Guard against human, animal and rodent infestation.

Fifth, after harvesting and processing Polyporus umbellatus, it can not be harvested until 2-3 years after cultivation. The harvest time is suitable for spring and autumn. Polyporus umbellatus collected and dug, to clean the soil and bacterial cord, drying or drying can be sold as medicine. The drying rate is 50%. Take a big, black skin, bright color, flesh pink and white as a good taste.