High-yield cultivation techniques of Fructus psoraleae

Psoralea corylifolia, alias broken old paper, black old son, Sichuan old son, Hu Jiuzi and so on. Use the fruit for medicinal purposes. It has the effect of tonifying kidney and warming spleen, tonifying essence and marrow, invigorating stomach and dispelling cold. Clinical treatment of spleen and kidney deficiency and cold, diarrhea, cold pain in waist and knees, seminal enuresis, frequent urination in the elderly, strain and wheezing cough and so on. External use can treat vitiligo, corns, psoriasis, alopecia. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Bushen Lipid can increase leukopenia caused by chemotherapy, and psoralen B can dilate the coronary artery and excite the heart. The main producing areas are Sichuan, Henan, Guangxi, Shanxi, Anhui and other provinces.

The morphological characteristics are annual herbs of Leguminosae. The height of the plant is 60cm to 200cm. Stem erect, green, much branched, longitudinally angled and white pilose on branches. Leaves alternate; stipules paired; petiole 5-angled, furrowed; leaf blade broadly ovate or ovoid, with conspicuous glandular dots and short hairs on both surfaces, apex rounded or obtuse, base flat truncate, rounded or cordate, margin coarsely and irregularly serrate; reticulate veins. Flowers crowded into axillary racemes, peduncles angled, bracts light green; calyx with 5 sepals, base slightly connected with obvious glandular dots, 1 large below it, persistent. Corolla butterfly, petals 5, lavender; stamens 10, two bodies; pistil 1, ovary suborbicular, epigynous, one locule, 1 ovule. Pods reniform, indehiscent, densely glandular punctate, green, black after maturity, adhered to seeds. Seed 1, reniform, 6 mm long and 4 mm wide, surface black-brown, rough with fine reticulate wrinkles, central retuse, hilum is a small dot, located at one end of the concave side, the quality is hard.

First, the growth habit of psoralen prefers a warm, humid, sunny environment. The requirement of soil is not strict, but the sandy soil which is loose and fertile and rich in organic matter is better. Heavy clay and saline-alkali land are not suitable for planting.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization select fields with high topography, good drainage and deep soil layer, and work carefully in spirit. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil fertilizer, 10 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, sow psoralen and propagate with seeds. More seedlings are used for transplanting, or you can dial directly. The sowing time is spring sowing, around the Qingming Festival. The germination rate of Psoralea corylifolia is low, so the seeds must be treated before sowing. The seeds were soaked in gibberellin solution of 10~20ppm for 2 hours. After the seeds are expanded, remove and dry the moisture and sow the seeds. When sowing, spread the seeds evenly on the finished border surface and cover with a layer of fine soil to cover the seeds. It is better to raise seedlings in a small shed with plastic film. The sowing rate is 3 kg per mu. Transplanting selected overcast and rainy weather, psoralen seedlings were planted on the finished border surface according to the row spacing of 40 x 20 cm, and watered to preserve soil moisture to facilitate survival. After direct seeding, the treated psoralen seeds were directly sown on the finished border surface according to the row spacing of 40 x 20 cm, with 10 seeds in each hole. Water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 1 kilogram per mu.

Fourth, after the psoralen seedlings are collected in the field management, attention should be paid to ploughing and weeding. Water in time in dry weather, pay attention to drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. The height of the seedling is about 10 cm, and there are 2 strong seedlings in each hole, which is weak and strong. Topdressing at flower bud stage: 5 kg urea per mu and 5 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu.

5. pest control the main disease of psoralen is root rot. The disease area can be irrigated with 1000 times of topiramate before or at the early stage of the disease. Underground pests are rusted with phoxim and poison bait.

6. harvesting and processing psoralen generally ripens from July to October, and when 80% of the seeds on the spikelet turn black, they can be harvested in batches. After drying and threshing the harvested fruit, remove the impurities, wash the fruit with clean water, add 5% salt water to stir-fry until dried and take out the aroma, sift and remove ash shavings and be sold as medicine. The yield is 200 kilograms per mu.