High-yield cultivation techniques of Hawthorn

Hawthorn, alias red fruit, sour plum seed, etc. The fruit is used as medicine, which has the functions of digestion and accumulation, dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain. Indications: Carnivorous stagnation, dyspepsia, infantile malnutrition, bacillary dysentery, enteritis, postpartum abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, tapeworm disease, etc. Modern pharmacological research shows that hawthorn has anti-aging and anti-cancer effects. The main producing areas are Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics of deciduous shrubs for Rosaceae, about 1~1.5 meters high; branches often 5~8 mm long needles, young branches are pilose, old branches glabrous. Leaves alternate, stipules present, papery blade leathery, broadly obovate or oblong-obovate, 3 - 7 lobed, sparsely pilose at first, bald later; petiole winged, 4 - 15 mm. Flowers summer-open, white, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., arranged in terminal corymbs, racemes and pedicels pilose; petals suborbicular or slightly compressed orbicular; pistil many branched, filaments united at base. The pear is spherical or oblate, 1.5 - 2 cm in diameter, red or yellow, with reflexed persistent calyx lobes at the top, containing 4 - 5 smooth nucleules.

A. Growth Habits Hawthorn likes a cool and humid environment. Cold tolerance, can withstand-36℃ low temperature. Heat resistance, can withstand 43℃ high temperature. The soil requirements are not strict, but it is better to have a deep, loose and fertile neutral or acidic soil. Low-lying land, saline-alkali land, heavy clay, not suitable for planting.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization select high terrain, good drainage of the field, intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer: 3000 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. And make 1.3 wide high bed, waiting for planting.

3. Hawthorn is propagated by seeds, and grafted seedlings are adopted in production. To increase production. Sowing dates are spring and autumn. Before sowing, the seeds are treated first; that is, after the hawthorn seeds are exposed to the sun for 3 to 4 days, they are soaked in 10% sodium carbonate solution for 24 hours, taken out and washed, and then exposed to the sun for 2 to 3 days, then soaked in fresh human urine for 3 to 4 days, taken out and washed with clean water, and then exposed to the sun for 3 to 5 hours. When most of the seed coats crack, the seeds can be evenly scattered on the whole ridge surface according to the row spacing of 30 cm. Sowing rate per mu is 100 kg. Hawthorn seedlings, strengthen field management, autumn can be grafted. Grafting is carried out on hawthorn seedlings by budding and ear grafting before germination in autumn of the current year or spring of the second year. After grafting survives, it can be transplanted after cultivating for one year. Transplanting in winter after defoliation to early spring before germination, the cultivated grafted seedlings, according to the row spacing of 4×3 meters (55 plants/mu) planted on the whole bed surface, watering to preserve moisture, in order to survive.

IV. Field management: after hawthorn seedlings are fully grown or transplanted, attention should be paid to intertillage and weeding. Water immediately in dry weather. Rainy weather should pay attention to drainage. Topdressing once a year in spring, each time topdressing urea 10 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 kg. Sow a layer of soil manure every winter. Spraying 50ppm gibberellin solution before flowering and after flowering and at full fruiting stage to prevent flower and fruit dropping. In addition, in order to achieve high yield, hawthorn trees must also be pruned: the tree type into a high-yield tree type of scattered stratification.

Five, pest control Hawthorn main disease has powdery mildew, can be in the early stage of disease with triadimefon control. The comprehensive control measures of seedling blight can be adopted: 1. When preparing the soil, 2.5~4 kg of 70% quintozene per mu should be applied to the soil for soil disinfection. 2. At the early stage of the disease, 70% Dixong 1000 times solution was sprayed to control the pests. The main pests were longicorn larvae, which could be killed by phoxim and chrysanthemum lipids.

VI. Harvest and processing Hawthorn is generally picked after autumn, when the fruit turns red and ripe. The picked hawthorn fruit can be dried or dried, and can be sold as medicine. Hawthorn generally 3~4 years of fruit, 10 years into the peak fruit period, 50~70 years of plant yield can reach 100 kg, tree yield up to 300 kg.