High-yield cultivation techniques of Solanum mandshurica

Bai Ying, alias Ghost Grass, White-haired Rattan, Wool Liguang, Golden Thread Green Turtle and so on. With whole herb and root for medicinal use, it has the effect of clearing heat and dampness, detoxification and detumescence, and anti-cancer. It mainly treats cold and fever, icteric hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, cervical erosion, nephritis edema, especially for cervical cancer, lung cancer, vocal cord cancer and so on. Mainly produces Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and other provinces and regions.

The morphological feature is perennial vine semi-shrub of Solanaceae. Stem to 5 cm long, Lignified at base, herbaceous distally, finely hairy. Leaves alternate; upper leaves do hastate 3-lobed or pinnately lobed; lower leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, base heart-shaped, apex pointed, entire, 4-9 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, green above, lighter below, fine hairs scattered on both sides, denser along leaf veins; petiole 2-3.5 cm long, with fine hairs. Cymes arising from top of branches or lateral ones opposite leaves; branches, peduncles, and flowers all densely villous, petiole slender; calyx funnelform, sepals 5, ovate; Corolla white, lobes 5 reflexed from base, 5-6 mm long, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, apex, stamens 5, inserted at mouth of Corolla tube, filaments short and flat. Base connate; pistil 1, ovary ovate, style slender, stigma hemispherical. Berries ovate or globose, initially green, then red to black, 6-10 mm in diam. Seeds white, oblate.

I. growth habits

Bai Yingxi has a warm and humid environment, resistant to drought, cold and waterlogging. The requirement of soil is not strict, but it is better to use sandy loam soil which is deep, loose and fertile and rich in organic matter. Heavy clay, saline-alkali land and low-lying land are not suitable for planting.

II. Soil preparation and fertilization

Select high-lying and well-drained fields for intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make a high bed 1.5 meters wide and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing seeds

Radix Scutellariae is propagated by seeds, which is divided into two steps: seedling raising and transplanting. It can also be propagated by cuttings and individual plants. The sowing time is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, spring sowing before and after Qingming Festival and autumn sowing before freezing. Before seedling sowing, the seeds were spread evenly into a shallow ditch on the finished border surface, covered with soil and watered to preserve soil moisture, so as to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. after seedling completion, field management was strengthened and transplanting could be carried out after one year of cultivation. The seedlings, which will be cultivated for one year, were transplanted and planted on the whole border according to the row spacing of 50 × 10 cm. Watering to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive. Cutting propagation selected 1 ~ 2 years of non-lignified branches with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests, took the middle part, cut into 20 cm cuttings, removed the lower leaves, soaked in ABT rooting powder solution, and inserted obliquely into the whole border surface according to the row spacing of 40 × 10 cm. 1/3 above the ground. Often water to preserve soil moisture, in order to survive. Ramet propagation in autumn will plant underground roots to dig the soil surface, cut the root bark, cover the soil. New seedlings can germinate in the next spring. Then dig it out and transplant it with roots.

IV. Field management

After Bai Yingqi seedlings, we should pay attention to ploughing and weeding, often watering in dry weather and timely drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. When the seedling is 30 centimeters high, set up a bracket between the rows and let its stems climb to facilitate ventilation and light. After the first harvest, fertilizer should be applied immediately: 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The disease of Solanum lyratum is less, if it is found, it should be controlled in time according to the conventional method. The main diseases and pests are red spiders, which can be controlled by propargite. Aphids can be controlled with omethoate. Underground pests are trapped and killed with octane scales and poison bait.

VI. Harvest and processing

Radix Scutellariae is harvested in summer and autumn when the stems and leaves are growing vigorously. Harvest twice a year, cut off the stems and leaves of Solanum lyratum, dry them and then sell them as medicine. After autumn, after the second harvest of stems and leaves, dig out the underground roots, clean the soil and dry them in the sun, which can be used as medicine together. Yield 200 kg of stems and leaves and 300 kg of roots per mu.