High-yield cultivation techniques of Perilla frutescens

Perilla, alias red perilla, red perilla, black perilla and so on. The whole grass is used for medicinal purposes. It has the effect of relieving cold, promoting qi and stomach. It mainly treats cold, cough, fullness of chest and abdomen, nausea and vomiting, detoxification of soft-shelled turtle and other diseases. The seed is called perilla. It has the effect of relieving cough, relieving asthma and expectorant. It mainly treats cough, phlegm, chest tightness, asthma and so on. The stem is called Su stem, which has the effect of smooth qi, calming the fetus, diverging wind-cold and resolving phlegm. It mainly treats chest tightness, flatulence, fetal movement restlessness and other diseases. Perilla oil can treat coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia. Mainly produces Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces and regions.

Morphological characteristics

The main results are as follows: 1. Perilla is an annual herb of Labiatae, which is 30-100cm high and has specific aroma. Stem obtusely quadrangular, green or greenish purple, densely villous. Leaves opposite; petiole 3-5cm long; leaf blade wrinkled, ovate to broadly ovate, 7-13cm long, 4.5-10cm wide, apex protruding or acuminate, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin coarsely serrate, both surfaces green or purple, or only purple below, sparsely pilose above, Adnate pilose below, with fine glandular dots. Verticillate inflorescences consist of terminal and axillary racemes deviated to one side, densely villous; bracts broadly ovate or suborbicular, ca. 4mm in diam., apex mucronate, outer covered with reddish-brown glandular dots, margin membranous; calyx campanulate, with 10 veins, lower villous, sandwiched with yellow glandular spots, inner throat with sparse hair ring, calyx eave 2-lipped, upper lip broad, 3-toothed, lower lip slightly longer, 2-toothed Corolla white to purplish red, 2-lipped, upper lip slightly concave at top, lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe larger; kaleidoscope short, 2-2.5mm long, stamens 4-2.5mm strong; ovary 4-lobed, style base inserted, stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets subglobose, grayish brown, ca. 1.5mm in diam., reticulate, calyx enlarged, growing to 11mm. The flowering period is from June to August and the fruiting period is from August to October. It is widely cultivated all over the country.

2. The differences between Yesuben variety and orthodox variety are as follows: Calyx is small, 4-5.5mm long, lower part is sparsely pilose, with glandular spots; stem is short-pilose; leaves are smaller, ovate, 4.5-7.5cm long, 2.8-5cm wide, both sides are sparsely pilose; nutlets are smaller, yellowish, 1-1.5mm in diameter. Born on mountain roadsides, woodside wastelands, or cultivated next to cottages.

I. growth habits

Perilla prefers a warm and humid environment. The requirement of soil is not strict, but it is better to use loam or sandy loam which is deep, loose and fertile and rich in organic matter.

II. Soil preparation and fertilization

Select fields that are suitable for growth and cultivate them intensively. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make beds and wait for sowing.

Third, sowing seeds

Perilla propagates with seeds. Live broadcast is often used in production. It can also be raised and transplanted. The sowing time is spring sowing, around the Qingming Festival. Before the live broadcast, use the rice to make a shallow ditch on the finished border surface, and then spread the seeds evenly into the ditch. Covering soil, watering and preserving soil moisture to facilitate emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 1 kilogram per mu. In seedling raising, perilla seeds are scattered evenly on the finished border surface to loosen the surface of the soil, so that the soil cover has no seeds. Water to preserve soil moisture to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 2 kg per mu. Transplanting selected overcast and rainy weather, the perilla seedlings were planted on the finished border surface according to the row spacing of 30 × 20 cm, and watered to preserve soil moisture in order to survive.

IV. Field management

Perilla seedlings or transplanting after survival, should pay attention to ploughing and weeding, dry weather often watering, rainy weather timely drainage. Before and after the closure, fertilizer should be applied once: 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate each time.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The main disease of perilla is spot blight, which can be controlled with 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux before the disease, and sprayed with 50% carbendazim at the initial stage of the disease. The main pests are Spodoptera litura, debt-avoiding moth and inchworm, which can be killed with pyrethroid pesticides. Underground pests are trapped and killed with octane scales and poison bait.

VI. Harvest and processing

Perilla is harvested after autumn when the seeds are ripe. The whole perilla is made by planting and cutting off the roots and drying in the sun. The yield is 500 kilograms per mu.