High-yield cultivation techniques of Polygala tenuifolia

Yuanzhi, alias grass, mountain leaf, etc. Root bark for medicine, with the function of calming the mind, dispelling depression and resolving phlegm, mainly for palpitation, forgetfulness, cough and phlegm, mostly wild in Northeast, Northwest, Shandong, Anhui and so on. Due to the decrease of wild resources, there is a small amount of cultivation in the northern provinces. At present, the market is in short supply.

Morphological characteristics 1. Polygala is a perennial herb of Polygalaceae, about 30 meters high, with tufted stems, slender and glabrous. Leaves alternate, linear. Racemes inclined to one side, greenish white and purplish, sepals 5, outer whorl 3 small, inner whorl 2 petaloid; petals 3, lower connate, middle keel abaxially with torn cristate appendages; stamens 8, filaments healed into sheath; ovary superior, stigma 2-lobed, unequal. Capsule Obovate and flat, apex retuse, margin dehiscent. Seeds ovate, flattened, black, densely white velutinous.

2. Egg leaf Polygala perennial herb, 30 cm tall, stem green-brown, surface densely gray-brown pilose; leaves elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 0.8-2 cm long, 3-6 mm wide, capsule wings narrow, 1 mm wide, below, sparsely short eyelashes.

I. growth habits

Yuanzhi prefers cool climate, drought-resistant, cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, and lax soil requirements, but it grows well in fertile, deep sandy loam, and it is not easy to grow in over-sticky and low-lying land.

II. Soil preparation and fertilization

Select the land with good drainage, apply 2500 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, 15 kg of potash fertilizer per mu, turn the soil 25 cm deep, fine rake flat, and make a border 1.2m wide.

Third, sowing seeds

Yuanzhi propagates with seeds. There are two ways: direct seeding and seedling transplanting. The sowing time is spring sowing, autumn sowing and summer sowing. Direct seeding on the whole border according to the row spacing of 20 cm, sowing depth of 1-2 cm, pin suppression after sowing, watering before sowing in case of drought, keeping the soil moist after sowing, seedling emergence in 15 days, 2 kg of seeds per mu and 10 cm between plants on demand. Seedling transplanting was sown on the whole border in late March. The sowing depth was 1 cm, and the seedling bed temperature was 15-20 ℃. Seedlings can emerge in about 10 days, and the film or grass can be removed after emergence. The seedling height was 8 Mel 10 cm and was transplanted in the field with a row spacing of 20 × 10 cm.

IV. Field management

1. The height of inter-seedling is 3 cm according to the distance of 3 cm, the height of seedling is 8 cm, the height of seedling is 10 cm, and the distance between plants is 7 cm. 2. Weeding Polygala tenuifolia plants are short and small, so weeding should be done frequently so as not to affect the growth of weeds higher than Polygala tenuifolia. If planting on a large scale, herbicides should be used to treat the soil before seedling, which can effectively control all kinds of weeds. 3. Topdressing once from May to June, applying 1000 kg of human and animal manure per mu, or 100kg of cake fertilizer, 30kg of superphosphate and 10kg of potash fertilizer. 4. Irrigation and drainage should be watered in case of drought in seedling stage, drainage should be paid attention to in rainy season, and overwintering water should be watered once before winter.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Polygala polygala disease is less, the general disease can be sprayed with 50% Senmeng zinc 800ml 1000 times solution to control. Aphids, red spiders and other insect pests are controlled according to conventional methods. Underground pests are trapped and killed with octane scales and poison bait.

VI. Harvesting and processing

After sowing 3 Mel for 4 years, it was harvested when the plant yellowed in autumn or before germination in spring. When the water was not dry, the wood heart was drawn out to dry the Yuanzhi meat. The general yield of dry goods per mu is 300 Mu 400 kg.