High-yield cultivation techniques of Yujin

Yujin, alias Huang Yujin, Green Yujin, Gui Yujin and so on. Using underground tuber as medicine, it has the effect of relieving depression, promoting qi, relieving pain, removing blood stasis and promoting gallbladder. Main treatment of chest pain, jaundice, dysmenorrhea, epilepsy and so on.

Morphological characteristics

1. Wen Yujin, a perennial perennial root herb of Zingiberaceae, with large rhizomes, lemon yellow in the center of the section, nearly white on the outside, slightly fragrant, and spindle-shaped at the end. Leaf blade broadly elliptic, 30-75 cm long, 14-22 cm wide, apex acuminate or shortly caudate, glabrous, base cuneate extending to petiole. The first leaf of the flowering stem is drawn from the stem base, the spike is round, and the middle and lower bracts are broadly ovate and light green. Calyx white, 3-toothed; Corolla white, funnelform, strigose near tip; fertile stamens; 1, yellowish; ovary inferior.

2. Turmeric perennial herbs, the rhizome is thick, the main rhizome is ovate, the lateral rhizome is finger-shaped, red and yellow, the leaf blade is narrow-oval, 20-30 cm long and 5-15 cm wide, both sides are glabrous; the inflorescence is drawn from the leaf sheath. Cylindrical spikes; bracts ovate to suborbicular, green-white, with several flowers in axils; calyx green-white, 3-toothed, Corolla tube 1.5 cm long, lobes 3, yellowish yellow, upper 1 larger; lateral staminodes petaloid yellow, lip nearly orbicular, yellowish white, fertile stamens 1, connected with staminodes; anthers oblong, spurred at base. The ovary is inferior.

3. Guangxi zedoary turmeric perennial herb, 80-110 cm high. Tuber fusiform, main rhizome ovoid to ovate, lateral rhizome finger-shaped. Fleshy, cross section white or yellowish; leaf blade long elliptic, densely hirsute on both surfaces, spikes Terete, first leaves drawn from rhizome; tasseled bracts ovoid, greenish white; calyx tube white, apex 3-toothed; Corolla pink, lateral staminodes petaloid, yellowish, ovary inferior.

4. Zedoary turmeric perennial herbs, rhizome block, lateral rhizome cylindrical, yellowish. The root is slender and the end is inflated; the leaf blade is elliptic. The inflorescence is extracted from the rhizome, the spike is broad and oval, and the Corolla has 3 lobes. Lateral staminodes are smaller than labellum, and labellum proximally ovate.

First, growth habits: Yujin likes a warm and humid environment. Afraid of drought, afraid of waterlogging, not resistant to cold. Soil requirements: the upper soil layer is loose and fertile, the lower soil layer is hard, or sandy loam is better. Saline-alkali land and low-lying land are not suitable for planting. Avoid continuous cropping.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization: select suitable fields and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 50 kg of cake fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. It is then made into a high bed 60 cm wide, leaving 15 cm trenches between the beds to facilitate watering and drainage. Waiting to sow seeds.

Third, sowing: turmeric propagates with tubers. The sowing time is spring sowing, around the Qingming Festival. When harvesting turmeric, the rootstock with strong growth and free of diseases and insect pests was selected as seed. Remove the fibrous root from the sun for 2 days before planting, separate the size, and the large one can be longitudinally cut into several pieces, each with 2 bud eyes. Cool slightly, after the wound is healed, it can be planted in the whole border field according to the row spacing of 30 × 20 cm. Cover the soil, water to preserve moisture, in order to survive. The sowing rate is 80 kg per mu.

Fourth, field management: pay attention to ploughing and weeding after tulip seedlings. Pay attention to watering in dry weather and timely drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. Before and after the Beginning of Autumn entered the rhizome expansion period, he should be fertilized once: 2000 kg of human feces and urine, 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu.

Fifth, pest control: turmeric diseases and insect pests are less, if found in accordance with the conventional control. Underground pests can be trapped and killed with phoxim and poison bait.

Harvest and processing: turmeric is generally harvested after autumn, and the aboveground stems and leaves are withered and dug. The ploughed Yujin underground tubers are removed from the soil and boiled in boiling water for 15 minutes. After being boiled thoroughly, the tubers can be dried and sold as medicine, with a yield of 300 kg per mu. After taking off the turmeric, the remaining rhizomes, except for seed, wash the soil, boil or steam thoroughly, dry or dry, rub off the beard hair and rough skin, that is, zedoary, with a yield of 100 kg per mu.