Field Management Techniques of Dryland Perennial Herbs Codonopsis pilosula

Codonopsis pilosula is a perennial herb of Platycodon grandiflorum family. Because it is native to Shangdang in Shanxi, its roots are like ginseng. Hence the name Codonopsis pilosula. It is used as root for medicinal purposes, and has the effects of tonifying middle and replenishing qi, nourishing blood and lung, invigorating body fluid and relieving thirst and invigorating spleen and stomach. The main treatment is shortness of breath, weakness of spleen and stomach, loss of appetite, swelling, cough and asthma, qi deficiency, prolapse of anus and other symptoms. There are many kinds of Codonopsis pilosula, such as the West Party (produced in Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi and Shanxi provinces), the East Party (produced in the Northeast provinces), and the Kuomintang (produced in Shanxi and Henan provinces), especially the Taiwan Party in the West Party.

Codonopsis pilosula likes cold climate, seedlings like shade and dampness, large seedlings and adults like dry and sunny environment, its adaptability is strong, it can tolerate high cold, and the muggy climate in summer is disadvantageous to its growth. Because of its deep roots, the cultivation site should be loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and rich in humus, while clayey soil and saline-alkali soil are not suitable for cultivation.

I. Field management

Codonopsis pilosula in dry land is generally sown from mid-September to mid-October. When the soil temperature is about 15 ℃, seedlings can emerge in 7 days. Codonopsis pilosula generally uses about 2 kilograms per mu. The field management after emergence is as follows:

The main results are as follows: (1) when the seedlings grow 2 true leaves, shallow hoe loosening soil and weeding, combined with weeding and fixing seedlings, the distance between seedlings is 5 cm.

(2) topdressing can apply compound fertilizer 25Mu / m ~ 30kg in spring every year; before closing or setting up shelves, apply 1000ml / 1500 kg of human and animal manure water; and in autumn, apply 1000ml / 1500 kg of compost or 50kg of calcium superphosphate and 20kg of diammonium.

(3) when the height of ginseng seedling is 30 cm, the support can be set up to make the vine grow smoothly, which is not only conducive to ventilation and light transmission, enhance photosynthesis, but also prevent diseases caused by excessive temperature in the field, which is a main measure to increase production in the cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula.

(4) Control of diseases and insect pests ① Codonopsis root rot usually begins in May-June. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased plants should be pulled out in time, and the roots should be drenched with 2000 times of 50% nail receptacle, and the roots should be drenched with 2000 times of 50% tocopher. the rust of Codonopsis pilosula occurs in ② from July to August, and 25% of chlorphenamine 1000 1500 times can be used to control red spiders. ③ can be used to control red spiders with 1.8% avermectin 3000 times. Imidacloprid or pyrethroid can be used to control aphids in ④, and trichlorfon and wheat bran can be used as bait for underground pests such as ground tiger and grub.

II. Harvesting and processing

The main results are as follows: 1. The roots can be dug up 3 years after sowing, and the roots can be carefully dug out on a sunny day after the stems and leaves on the ground are withered and yellow in autumn, so as to avoid digging injury and cutting, otherwise the black scar formed by the slurry will affect the quality.

2. The ginseng roots dug out will be washed and graded by processing, and spread out on the dry drying mat for 3 days. When the ginseng is soft, tie the ginseng root into a small handful, hold the root head in one hand, smooth the other hand, rub it several times, and then take it back in the next day and take it back in the evening and rub it again and again. Then place it on the board and press it over and over again, and continue to dry it as a commodity.