High-yielding techniques of creeping cultivation of Pueraria lobata, a variety used for medicine and food

Pueraria lobata is a leguminous vine, which is a dual-purpose health product for medicine and food. it has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification, relieving inflammation and relieving pain, preventing heat and cooling, preventing and treating hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, diabetes, obesity and so on. In the past two years, a series of foods such as kudzu powder, kudzu herbal tea, kudzu vermicelli, kudzu jelly, kudzu cake and kudzu beverage developed from kudzu root have been favored by consumers, and the market is very popular, so the social demand is increasing day by day, therefore, there are broad prospects for the development of kudzu root production. Farmers can be introduced and cultivated according to local conditions on the premise of finding a market.

At present, the cultivation methods of Pueraria lobata are different in different places, but the yield of creeping cultivation is the highest. The main technical points are introduced as follows:

1. Choose a place. Pueraria lobata has strong adaptability and lax requirements for site selection. It can grow even in barren sand and gravel land, but the sandy red soil with deep and fertile soil layer grows best. Therefore, the slopes and dry fields with deep soil layer (more than 80 cm thickness), slope below 25 degrees and good drainage should be selected, and the low-lying flooded fields should not be selected to cultivate Pueraria lobata.

two。 Prepare the ground. There are two ways of land preparation: digging holes and raising trenches. Digging holes for ground preparation is relatively simple, easy to operate, and saves time and labor. Before digging holes, we must remove miscellaneous trees and miscellaneous shrubs and grass in the mountain field, completely reclaim and loosen the soil 15 centimeters deep, then make a horizontal strip 1-1.5 meters wide, and then dig caves 60 centimeters square in the strip. the distance between the caves is generally about 1.5 meters according to the planting density. Trench preparation takes more time, but it is easier to weed, loosen the soil and dig kudzu root in the future, which can be closely planted and the yield is high. Before digging ditches, we must also clear the miscellaneous irrigation of the mountain field, completely reclaim and loosen the soil to remove weeds, and then dig trenches along the contour line according to the topography, with a width of 80 cm, a depth of 80 cm, a natural length and a ditch distance of 1 m.

3. Apply base fertilizer. After finishing the soil, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied for the growth of Pueraria lobata. Cave ground preparation, each cave 15 kg of human feces or livestock manure, or 25 kg of pond mud. For trench preparation, put a thin layer of straw at the bottom of each ditch and sprinkle some lime powder to make the soil loose and breathable. Put manure, urine or livestock manure on the excavated surface and core soil, about 5000 kg per 667m2, fertilizer should be evenly distributed, so that the bottom fertilizer can be fully mixed with the surface and core soil when the topsoil is backfilled.

4. Topsoil backfill. After the bottom fertilizer is applied, the topsoil is backfilled. During the backfilling, the soil should be broken and fully mixed with the bottom fertilizer, and the backfill is slightly higher than the ground in an arch arc.

5. Select seedlings. The quality of seedlings directly affects the yield and quality of cultivation. When choosing kudzu seedlings, we should choose the seedlings with inflated branches and small kudzu strips. And kudzu strips should be short and stout, easy to break, or choose kudzu seedlings with two branches, stout branches, full and expanded branches, well-developed fibrous roots, no damage and insect pests.

6. Planting. In order to improve the survival rate of planting, we should choose cloudy or light rainy days to plant kudzu seedlings. When planting, according to the size of the kudzu seedling, dig an oblique planting ditch on the pre-arranged kudzu ridge, then put the kudzu seedling on the slope, arrange and straighten out the kudzu strips or fibrous roots, make it into an inclined angle of about 30 degrees, fill the soil, gently pat and compact it, and then cover some crushed soil slightly into the shape of steamed bread, so that the kudou branches are slightly buried in the ground of about 1 cm. It is suitable to plant 500 seedlings every 667 square meters.

7. Planting time. Depending on the climate, planting in the south of the Yangtze River from March to early April is generally better.

8. Administration and Management. ① pre-management. After planting kudzu seedlings for 5-6 days, they will send out new buds. When they grow to 3-4 rounds of compound leaves, shallow hoe should be carried out to loosen the soil, and at the same time, diluted human feces and urine should be poured slightly away from the base of kudzu seedlings. Do not pour them on the leaves of Pueraria lobata, so as not to burn the leaves and vines of Pueraria lobata. In this way, the seedlings will grow healthily after repeated watering every 3-5 days for a total of 3-4 times. ② mid-term management. When the kudzu vine grows to 3-4 meters long, the rotten pig and cow manure is applied once, about 1 kg per plant, or compound fertilizer is applied once, 100 grams per plant, once every 10 days (preferably without chemical fertilizer). Weeding and loosening the soil should be done before and after fertilization to keep the field free of weeds. By the end of June and early July, kudzu will basically cover the ground, and then the management is basically to pull weeds to keep the field free of weeds and to prevent livestock damage and hare encroachment. ③ post-management. After the beginning of spring in the second year, weeding and loosening the soil should be done in time, and farm manure or compound fertilizer should be applied once. By the end of April, kudzu will cover the ground, and the management can be more extensive. ④ pest control. Kudzu root diseases and insect pests are relatively less, mainly for the continuous cultivation of kudzu for many years, a small number of kudzu rust will occur, can spray carbendazim or methyl thiophanate and other solutions for sterilization and control.

9. Harvest. Kudzu root is generally harvested in autumn and winter 2-3 years after planting. Cut off the stem vine first on a sunny day, and then carefully dig out the root and shake the soil.

10. Processing. Cut kudzu slices with ①. Wash the fresh roots, cut them into thin slices (0.2 cm thick) with a guillotine, dry them in the sun or dry them in bags for storage. ② processed kudzu powder. After collecting and digging Pueraria lobata, first rinse with clean water, then crush it, put it into a container, add proper amount of water, fully stir, then filter it with a mesh screen of 80mm and 100 mesh, put the filtrate into a sedimentation tank to precipitate and layer, the upper layer is aqueous solution, and the lower layer is Pueraria starch. After 24 hours of static precipitation. Release the upper layer of aqueous solution, remove the lower layer of kudzu starch to dry or dry.