Cultivation methods of Coptis chinensis

Coptis chinensis is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines. In recent years, the technology of "planting Coptis chinensis under the forest" is more labor-saving, material-saving, investment-saving, less labor-intensive and higher economic benefit than the greenhouse cultivation method. The specific methods are:

First, select the woodland

Woodlands with large shade must be selected. Sijiqing, which has no leaves all the year round, is the most ideal for natural forest species, and it is suitable for dwarf trees with a height of about 3.3 meters, while in artificial fir woodlands, the crown is connected and the tree height is about 3.3 meters. The slope is between 20 °and 25 °. It is better to choose the soil with deep humus, rich organic matter and loose soil, but not the clayey dead yellow mud and white eel soil.

Second, tidying up the shadow shed

For natural forests, all dead branches, small trees and thatch should be cut off, shrubs and dwarf trees should be left, and twigs less than 2 meters from the ground should be trimmed, and the shade should be kept between 70% and 80%. For artificially cultivated Chinese fir forest, young woodland should be selected, which can basically reach the connection of branches. in some places, if there is a skylight, just use branches around Coptis chinensis to play a shading role.

Third, prepare the land and make beds.

Before preparing the soil, rake the residual branches, fallen leaves and stones out of the forest with a wooden rake, and remove the bamboo root, small tree root and thatched root in the forest. Pay attention to digging not to hurt the tree root too hard. As long as the artificial cultivation of Chinese fir forest as long as a shallow dig, pick up weed roots and stones, the lack of soil around the tree should also cultivate soil, can not let the roots exposed. The next step is to open a ditch to make a bed, with a straight ditch from top to bottom, 23 cm wide and 10 cm deep, and the soil at the bottom of the ditch is carried on both sides of the border.

IV. Transplanting

Two-year-old seedlings with more than 12 leaves should be selected for Coptis chinensis seedlings planted under the forest. Transplanting time, if evergreen, coniferous woodland, Ching Ming Festival can start transplanting, broad-leaved woodland will wait for the leaves to grow new leaves after planting.

V. Field management

1. Pull grass and top dressing: keep the border surface free of weeds, so as to remove early and small. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly applied in the first and second year after planting, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied in the later stage.

two。 Cultivate soil and mud: when Coptis chinensis seedlings survive, 25 kg of cake fertilizer mixed with fire soil is sprinkled thinly on the border surface every 667 square meters (1 mu). After autumn, combined with cow and horse dung, some fine soil is sprinkled on the border surface. In the following years, each year in summer and autumn, according to its situation, apply a layer of mud.

3. Pick up dead branches and leaves: carefully pick the fallen leaves to the middle of Coptis chinensis by hand every autumn and spring, and sprinkle a little soil on them.

4. Thinning: light transmission is only 20% 25% in the first year, 35% 40% in the second and third years, about 60% in the fourth year, and all bright sheds in the fifth year to promote the accumulation of underground dry matter, so the branches need to be cut year by year. In the first two or three years, cutting off some branches will not affect the growth of trees, and cutting branches will increase in the fourth year. For natural forests, it is necessary to knock off some leaves or tie up branches and leaves with vines in order to increase the transmittance of the forest. The artificial cultivated Chinese fir forest can be thinned and pruned properly according to the forestry technical regulations and the growth situation of Chinese fir forest. The thinning time should be carried out when the tree growth stops and Coptis chinensis has not sprouted, and it is generally appropriate to carry out thinning in winter.