High-yielding cultivation techniques of Safflower

Carthamus tinctorius is an annual or biennial herb of Compositae. Its flowers are put into medicine, work hard and warm, and have the function of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, menstruation and relieving pain. Carthamus tinctorius has strong adaptability, like temperature and dry, sunny climate, has a certain ability to resist drought and cold, is afraid of high temperature and humidity, and does not require high water, fertilizer and soil conditions. The cultivation and management techniques are as follows:

I. selection of land and land preparation

It is better to choose sandy loam with high terrain, dry, medium fertility and good drainage. It is easy to get sick when planting on clay, low-lying, stagnant water and over-fertile land. Avoid continuous cropping, previous cropping with peanuts, soybeans, wheat is appropriate. During soil preparation, about 2500 kg of compost per mu and 15 kg of superphosphate are added, ploughing and raking flat, and it is suitable for high border planting in areas with much water.

II. Methods of reproduction

Reproduce with seeds. Spring sowing is mostly used in the north, and the seeds can be sown after thawing in the middle and late days of March, not later than the first ten days of April, otherwise the growth is weak and the diseases and insect pests are serious. Autumn sowing is mostly used in the south, and sowing from late September to early November is the best time. When sowing early, the seedlings grow too vigorously, the roots crack, the stem is early in the coming year, the plant is high, and the yield is low. Sowing too late, uneven emergence or seedlings too small, it is difficult to survive the winter. Strip broadcast or hole broadcast can be done. Row spacing 30cm, plant spacing 15cm, sowing depth 3~6cm, soil cover compaction after sowing. The amount of seed used per mu is 2.5-3 kg.

III. Field management

1. Seedlings: set seedlings according to the distance between plants and 15cm, remove disease, weak seedlings and seedlings that are too large and too small, and retain moderately strong seedlings.

two。 Cold protection: sow safflower in autumn and stabilize the soil on both sides of the seedling in late December. Pour frozen water once before freezing to keep the field moist, not dry and crack, so that the soil is in close contact with the root, so as to survive the winter safely.

3. Irrigation and drainage: Carthamus tinctorius likes drying, but it is necessary to keep the soil moist before emergence, overwintering, budding and flowering, especially before flowering and flowering. In case of drought, water should be irrigated as soon as possible. After the middle of May, if the rainfall increases and the temperature rises, it is necessary to dig ditches and drain in time to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

4. Topdressing: red peanut for a long time, whether the bud fertilization is sufficient or not has a great impact on the yield. If the fertilizer is too sufficient in the early stage, it will make the safflower grow and break easily; if the canopy is closed prematurely and the ventilation is not ventilated, the increase of diseases and insect pests will affect the growth in the later stage. Therefore, topdressing is carried out in two stages. For the first time, the seedlings were raised lightly before and after the seedling was fixed. The second time in the bud period, re-application of fertilizer, generally 1500-2000 kg of manure per mu, mixed ammonium sulfate 5 kg, to promote the bud. If the basic fertilizer is sufficient and the seedling condition is good, the fertilizer may not be applied for the first time.

5. Soil choking root: after safflower stems, most of the upper branches are easy to fall, so it is necessary to cultivate soil choking root in early May.

6. Topping: safflower pinch off the terminal bud after stem, promote the increase of branches, in order to increase the number of buds.

IV. Pest control

1. Anthracnose: the main harm to stems, branches, leaves, the emergence of fuchsia and brown comb-shaped or oblong spots, so that it can not show buds or buds droop can not open, plant death. The disease was serious from May to June. Control methods: select disease-resistant varieties, generally have thorn safflower disease resistance than non-thorn safflower; select high-lying, dry, well-drained plots, high border planting, avoid continuous cropping; spray 1-100 Bordeaux solution or 65% wettable Zinc solution or 1000-fold solution of wettable Zinc in late April, once every 7 days, several times in a row.

two。 Fusarium wilt: the main manifestation is that the main root turns black and rotten, the stem pith turns brown, the stem shows hemp silk shape, sometimes orange-red viscous secretions can be seen, and finally the upper part withered. It began to occur in early May and the rainy season was severe. Control methods: rotation with Gramineae crops; pull out diseased plants and disinfect disease holes with lime; select disease-free plants to stay; clear the garden after harvest and burn the diseased and residual plants centrally.

3. Black spot and ring disease: mainly harm to leaves. There are nearly round brown spots and upper black spots in the disease. the disease spot of ring disease is larger than that of black spot and has concentric pattern. It is harmful from May to harvest. Control methods: rotation with Gramineae crops; spray 1VL 100 Bordeaux solution or 65% wettable Zinc 500 times before and at the initial stage of the disease. Once every 7 days, spray several times.

4. Sclerotinia disease: the main manifestations are yellow leaves, withered branches, black mouse fecal sclerotia in the root or stem pith. It occurred from May to June. The method of control is the same as that of Fusarium wilt.

5. Safflower fruit fly: also known as flower bud maggots, drill worms. At the flower bud stage, adults lay eggs in the flower buds, and the larvae drill for food in them, resulting in rotten buds, so that they can not blossom or bloom incompletely, which has a great impact on the yield. Control methods: spray 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000 times in the white period of flower buds, or 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution, spray again a week later, clear the garden, deal with residual plants, and avoid intercropping with Atractylodes macrocephala and cornflower.