Cultivation techniques of Artemisia angustifolia

The annual demand of Tiannanxing is 2000-3000 tons. Over the years, the price is relatively stable and the income is higher. The growing period of Tiannanxing is one year, and it can be sown in spring and summer. At present, the market is 23-26 yuan for small Tiannanxing and 10-11.5 yuan for big ones, and the benefit per mu is 5000-7000 yuan. With the increasing use of Artemisia angustifolia, and due to fewer and fewer wild resources, artificial cultivation has not formed a scale, the market supply is insufficient, and the market price is rising all the way. In recent years, due to the heating up of growing grain and the decline in the enthusiasm of planting medicine, the planting area of Tiannanxing is small, the output is limited, the contradiction between supply and demand is intensified, and the market trend of Nanxing is promising. In recent years, planting income has been relatively stable.

Planting techniques of Artemisia angustifolia: Araceae belongs to Araceae, which is a perennial herb. Aliases: Nanxing, Bai Nanxing, Pinellia ternata, Pinellia ternata, Nanxing of different leaves, an umbrella and so on. Artemisia angustifolia is used as a bulbous tuber for medicine. It has the function of dispelling wind and settling shock, resolving phlegm and dispersing knots. Main treatment of facial paralysis, hemiplegia, infantile typhoid, tetanus, epilepsy, cervical cancer and other diseases. External use can treat sores, swollen poison, mosquito bites and other diseases. Shengtian Nanxing is poisonous and can cause swelling of tongue and throat after itching and asphyxiation in severe cases. Light ones can be detoxified with vinegar, strong tea and egg whites. In recent years, due to the lack of wild resources, large dosage and less artificial cultivation, it has been one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicine. Tiannanxing is mostly wild, mainly distributed in Northeast China, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places. It can be cultivated in the north and south of our country.

Plant morphology: plant height 40~90cm. Tuber oblate, bark yellowish brown. The leaf blade is arising from the tip of the tuber, the petiole is cylindrical, fleshy, erect as a stem, the lower part is sheathed, and the base is covered with a transparent membranous long sheath with green-white or scattered purple spots; the leaf blade radiates into 723 segments, radiating from the top of the petiole to the four directions like an umbrella. Lobes lanceolate, apex mostly awn-shaped and weak, entire, smooth and glabrous. Inflorescences of fleshy spikes, enclosed in sheathlike bracts, peduncle apex long caudate, protruding outside bracts. Dioecious. Berries ovoid, red. The flowering period is from May to June and the fruiting period is from July to August.

Life habits: Tiannanxing likes moist, loose, fertile soil and environment. Its tubers are not resistant to freezing, and the cold weather in the north can not survive the winter, but the seedlings newly born from the seeds that landed in that year are more hardy and can survive the winter by covering some barnyard manure in the field. For the seedlings of the same year in which the seeds germinated, there was only one leaflet in the first year, and the number of leaflets in the 2nd and 3rd year increased gradually. Artificial cultivation should be intercropped with long-stalk crops, or choose shady and humid environments under forests, forest margins and valleys, and yellow sand soil with loose, fat and good drainage is better. Low-lying and poorly drained plots are not suitable for planting.

Planting techniques: Artemisia angustifolia can propagate with seeds and tubers.

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: select the moist, loose and fertile yellow sand land in the valley or under the forest, turn the soil deep into 20~25cm in autumn, combined with land preparation, apply rotten stable manure or compost per mu, and turn it into the soil as base fertilizer. Plough it shallowly again before planting. Then, the fine rake is made into a high or flat border with a width of 1.2m, and a drainage ditch is opened around it, and the border surface is in the shape of a tortoise back.

2. After the tuber propagation was harvested from September to October, the small tubers which were robust, intact and disease-free were selected and dried and stored in the cellar for planting. The depth of the cellar is about 1.5m, and the size depends on the number of species planted, and the temperature in the cellar should be kept at about 510 ℃. It is easy to suffer frost injury if it is less than 5 ℃, and it is easy to germinate earlier if it is higher than 10 ℃. It is usually taken out and planted in the spring of the following year. Autumn planting can also be carried out before freezing. Spring planting, from late March to early April, on the finished border surface, according to the row spacing 20~25cm, plant spacing 14~16cm dig? Acupoint, deep 4~6cm. Then, put the bud head up and put it into the hole, 1 piece per hole. After planting, it is covered with soil fertilizer and fine soil, and it is watered once in case of drought. Seedlings can emerge in about half a month, and large tubers can be planted, which can be cut in half or several pieces longitudinally. As long as each piece has a robust bud head, it can be used for planting. But after cutting, the wound should be mixed with plant ash in time to avoid decay. The soil cover of small tubers and tubers should be shallow after cutting, and the large tubers should be deep. It is necessary to plant 80 kg of tubers per mu.

3. Seed propagation the seeds of Artemisia angustifolia mature in early August. After the red berries are collected, they are scrubbed and washed in clean water to remove the pulp. The seeds are removed and sowed in autumn immediately. On the seedbed, dig a shallow ditch according to the row spacing 15~20cm, sow the seeds evenly into the ditch, and cover the soil level with the border surface. After sowing, water is watered once, and the soil of the bed is often kept moist after sowing, and seedlings can emerge in about 10 days. Cover the border with barnyard manure in winter to keep heat and moisture, which is beneficial to the seedlings to survive the winter. After the seedlings were unearthed in the following spring, the stable manure was pressed into the seedling bed as fertilizer, and when the seedling height was 6~9cm, the seedlings were fixed according to the plant distance 12~15cm. The surplus seedlings can be transplanted separately.

4. Transplanting from April to early May in spring, when the seedlings were as high as 6~9cm, the seedlings with healthy growth, with a little soil mass, were transplanted to the field in cloudy days according to the row spacing of 20 × 15cm. Watering the roots once after planting to facilitate survival.

Field management:

1. Loosening soil and weeding, topdressing seedling height 6~9cm, loosening soil and weeding for the first time should be shallow rather than deep, as long as rake loose topsoil layer. Immediately after hoe, the barnyard manure was applied once, 1000-1500 kg per mu; the second time in the middle and late June, the loose soil could be properly deepened and combined with topdressing once, the amount was the same as the previous time; the third time was in the period of vigorous growth of Tiannanxing in late July, combined with weeding and loosening soil, 1500kg / mu of compost was applied, ditching between rows, and covering soil after application. The fourth time in late August, combined with loosening soil and weeding, 10 kg urea per mu was applied to water, and 50 kg cake fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were added to increase yield.

2. Drainage and irrigation water Tiannanxing likes to be wet, keep the soil moist frequently after planting, and pay attention to drainage in the rainy season to prevent stagnant water in the field. If there is too much water, it is easy to make the seedling leaves yellowing and affect the growth.

3. When the spike of Tiannan star flesh is extracted from the sheath bract from May to June, it should be cut off in time in addition to the seed land, so as to reduce the nutrient consumption and increase the yield.

4. Intercropping Tiannanxing grew slowly in the first two years, intercropping tall stalk crops such as corn or beans or other medicinal plants according to the plant distance of 30cm on the border. It can not only provide shade for the southern stars, but also increase economic benefits.

Pest control: