Planting techniques of andrographis paniculata

Andrographis paniculata, also known as olive nuclear lotus, is a plant of Aristolochia mandshurica. It is used in medicine with whole herbs. It has the effects of heat-clearing and detoxification, anti-inflammation, detumescence and pain. It is one of the varieties of Chinese herbal medicine with high economic value and suitable for planting in Guangxi. The main technical points of planting management are as follows:

First, seedling breeding. As the seeds of andrographis paniculata are small and the ability of seedlings to be unearthed is poor, it is necessary to turn the soil deep into the seedbed for 2 times, break the soil, and then get up the bed, apply 200 kilograms of fully fermented manure to every 30 square meters of seedbed, mix the dung with the soil fully, and then flatten the border. The sowing time was chosen before and after Ching Ming Festival. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water of 40 Mel 45 ℃ for 2 days (or scratch the seed coat with fine sand). When sowing, pick up the seeds and mix well with plant ash and sow them after the seedbed, then spread a layer of fine soil about 3 mm thick, then use a sprayer to drench the soil through. After sowing, cover the agricultural film, and then cover it with a layer of straw to keep warm and wet. The appropriate sowing rate is 50Mel 60g per 30 square meters of seedbed (the number of seedlings cultivated can be used for 1MUE 2 mu of field planting). When the seedling bed sprouts 50%-70%, remove the agricultural film and straw on the ground in time, combine with watering after seedling emergence, and sprinkle dilute dung water every 7 days to promote the rapid growth of seedlings.

Second, Daejeon land preparation. Before transplanting, the mountain or flat land with soil ph value between 5.6 and 7.4, flat, leeward and sunny, fertile and loose, convenient for drainage and irrigation was selected as the transplanting field. To dig deeply into the field, 2000 kg of rotten pig and cow manure and 20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied per mu as base fertilizer, and then raked flat to make a border of 120cm in width and 15cm in height, and irrigation ditches 30 cm deep are opened around the field.

Third, transplanting and planting. After sowing andrographis paniculata seedlings for one month, the seedlings are 10 cm high and can be transplanted to the planting site when they have 4 Mel and 5 pairs of true leaves. One day before transplanting, the nursery was irrigated thoroughly, and the robust seedlings were selected from the nursery to transplant with soil. the plant spacing was about 20 × 20 cm and 12000 plants were planted per mu. The seedlings can be irrigated with fresh dung water one week after transplantation to promote the growth of fixed roots.

Fourth, field management. First, we should do a good job of water management. Andrographis likes to be wet and afraid of drought, and is sensitive to water. It is necessary to keep it moist, but it should not be too wet. The key point of seedling management is to keep the border surface moist. After transplanting, water should be watered twice a day if there is no rain. After slowing down the seedlings, the ground should still be kept moist, watering once every 3 seconds for 7 days. The second is to do a good job of topdressing. The production of andrographis paniculata needs a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and must be topdressing at the right time. Topdressing is generally required for 3 times. After slowing down the seedlings, 3000 kg of human feces and urine diluted with water or 10 kg of urea were applied per mu. After that, topdressing should be done every 20 times every 30 days, 15 kilograms of ammonium sulfate per mu or other nitrogen fertilizer. After sealing the ridge, the plant can be fertilized with water during irrigation. The third is to hit the top and cultivate the soil. Andrographis paniculata is used as medicine. When the seedling height is about 30 cm, the tip is removed to promote the growth of lateral buds. At the same time, soil cultivation and weeding are combined with mid-tillage to promote adventitious root growth to prevent lodging. If you want to keep the seed, there is no need to top at the full flowering stage, and the inflorescences that cannot bear fruit and mature will be removed. Fourth, we should pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. The seedling blight can be controlled by 1000 times of topirazine wettable powder, and 1000 times of trichlorfon to mole cricket, lamp moth larvae and small land tiger.

Fifth, harvest and processing. Andrographis paniculata can be harvested when it grows to the flowering and budding stage, and it can be harvested and dried with a sickle at the stem base 2mur3 nodes. Planting andrographis paniculata can be harvested twice a year, the annual yield of dry products per mu can reach 500 Mu 800 kg, dried andrographis paniculata with dry body, green color, many leaves, no impurities and mildew is excellent.