Cultivation techniques of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Cultivation techniques of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Growth habits: strong adaptability, like warm and humid climate, resistant to cold, afraid of stagnant water, like sunshine, do not choose soil, general land can be planted, preferably in loose and fertile land with good drainage.

Propagation and cultivation: there are two methods of seed propagation and root propagation.

1. Seed propagation: it is divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing, autumn sowing is earlier than spring sowing, and the emergence is complete. After the harvest of late autumn crops, the field applied sufficient base fertilizer, ploughed about one foot deep, leveled and raked fine, sowed or sowed according to the row spacing of 1.2 to 1.5 feet, the depth was 0.5 inch, it was suitable to keep dry and wet, 2 jin per mu, and seedlings emerged in about 15 days. Make beds to raise seedlings and transfer, spring and autumn, sow before and after Ming, and transfer to the field in August and September.

2. Split-root propagation: select two-year-old roots as seeds, cut them into 3-inch long segments before loading, head up, do not invert, load the field according to the plant distance of 8 inches to 1 foot, 1 to 2 segments per hole, compacted with soil, 50 to 70 jin per mu of seed roots, 20 Mill can sprout in 25 days, seedling height 3 inches, check seedlings to fill gaps, loosen soil and weed, apply chemical fertilizer by stages, cake fertilizer, dry watering and waterlogging drainage, rhizome propagation, flowering and seed setting in the same year, if not harvested. The flower branches should be cut off so that nutrients are concentrated on the roots.

Pest control: Scutellaria baicalensis autumn water is easy to cause root rot, the initial fibrous root disease, not easy to detect, with the development of the disease, the main root is easy to cause root rot, disease spots spread to the rhizome, leading to leaf withering. The seeds were soaked with methyl topiramate before controlling the rhizome. During the onset period, carbendazim was sprayed on the leaves for 2 to 3 times. Insect pests include aphids, grubs, golden needles, ground tigers, trichlorfon, dimethoate, pyrethroid pesticides and so on.

Harvesting and processing: after 2 to 3 years of growth, Scutellaria baicalensis can be harvested and planed in late autumn and early spring, do not cut off the main root when digging, choose a uniform root strip with a diameter of about 5 cm and a stop at both ends of the thickness, with a length of 20 cm, bump off the rough skin and bask in a single outlet, and the rest is withered Scutellaria baicalensis, and the stems and leaves are dried to be used as medicine.

The general high yield is about 600 jin.

Cultivation:

(1) Climate and soil

Scutellaria baicalensis should have a warm and slightly cold climate, preferably with well-drained and fertile sandy loam.

(2) planting

Seed propagation from late March to mid-April. Turn the soil deeply before sowing, apply rotten compost or human feces, urine, plant ash and so on as base fertilizer. Strip sowing or spreading, the row spacing of strip sowing is about 30 cm, covering 1 layer of fine soil after sowing and watering. The seedlings emerge in about 15 days and can be planted when the seedlings are 10-15 cm high. It is usually planted in September or April-May. Make a border about 60 cm wide and open the hole according to the row spacing of 30 cm and the plant spacing of about 25 cm. One seedling was planted in each hole, covered with soil and pressed gently.

Planting technology

The main results are as follows: 1. the neutral to slightly alkaline sandy loam or rotten loam with high dryness, sufficient sunshine, deep soil layer, good drainage and low groundwater level should be selected for land preparation. After land selection, combined with soil preparation, 2500 kg of barnyard manure was applied per mu plus 50 kg of calcium superphosphate as withered fertilizer, and the soil was turned over 30 cm deep. Before sowing, fine rakes are made into a high bed 1.3 meters wide, while the north can be used as a flat bed. The border ditch is 40 cm wide, and a deep drainage ditch is opened all around. The ditch is deep and flat, so that the drainage is smooth.

2. The stems and leaves of transplanted Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi withered in October and germinated and turned green in April of the following year. It should be transplanted before soil freezing in autumn or before sprouting in spring of the second year. On the flat and fine border surface, the horizontal trench was opened according to the row spacing of 25 cm. The seedlings were divided into two levels according to the size, and were planted vertically into the ditch according to the plant spacing of 8 cm and 10 cm respectively, with the root head 3 cm below the soil surface as the degree. After planting, the filling is pressed, watered in time, and then the soil is flush with the border surface.

Field management: weeding at any time, loosening soil, cultivating soil, topdressing 2 or 3 times after planting. In the flowering period, except for the planting plants, the buds must be removed at any time. 2-3-year-old plants with good breeding should be selected for seed retention.

Diseases and insect pests and their control

1. Leaf blight harms the leaves. At the initial stage of the disease, irregular black-brown disease spots appear from the tip or edge of the leaves, and then spread rapidly from the bottom to the top, and in serious cases, the leaves die.

Control methods: (1) after winter harvest, remove the diseased and residual branches and leaves and eliminate the overwintering pathogen; (2) at the initial stage of the disease, use 1000 times of 50% carbendazim, or 1-10-day spray of 120 Bordeaux solution, once every 7 days and 3 times in a row.

2. Root rot occurred from August to September. At the initial stage, only individual branch roots and whisker roots turned brown and rotted, then gradually spread to the main root rot, and the whole plant withered and died.

Control methods: (1) pay attention to drainage in the rainy season and reduce the field humidity; (2) at the initial stage of the disease, 50% topiramate was used to irrigate the diseased plants.

3. Dodder disease from June to October, dodder wrapped around the stem of Scutellaria baicalensis, absorbing nutrients, resulting in early withering of stems and leaves.

Control methods: (1) net selection of seeds before sowing; (2) dodder was found to be pulled out at any time; (3) biological pesticide "Lubao No. 1" was sprayed to kill.

Third, study on the rules of harvest and initial processing.

Collection: harvest from spring to early summer (autumn is also available). The plants growing for 3 ~ 4 years were selected. After the root is dug out, remove the stem, fibrous root and soil, bump off the cork when it is semi-dry, and then dry it completely.

Medicinal materials: dry is inverted conical, twisted not straight, 7 cm long, 1 cm 2 cm in diameter. Dark yellow or yellowish brown surface. The upper skin is rough, with twisted longitudinal wrinkles or irregular reticulation, the lower skin is fine, with cis-lines or fine wrinkles, and there are sparse verrucous root marks up and down. The quality is hard and brittle, easy to break; the cross section is dark yellow, with brown red or brown black rotten pieces in the middle, commonly known as "withered Scutellaria baicalensis" or "withered Scutellaria baicalensis"; or those who are not hard and split because of the hollow are commonly called "Scutellaria baicalensis flap". The root turns yellowish green in case of wet or cold water. Odorless, bitter taste. It is better to have a thick and long strip, solid quality, yellow color and clean skin. The strip is short, loose, dark yellow in color, and the quality of the petal is secondary.

Mainly produces Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shandong, Shaanxi and other places. In addition, Liaoning and Heilongjiang are also produced.

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi from Sichuan and Yunnan is the root of the plant Scutellaria baicalensis. The appearance of the medicinal material is similar, but it is finer, the diameter is generally about 0.5cm, often branched, the cross section is very obvious yellowish green, the quality is poor.