Cultivation techniques of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is a perennial herb with a height of 30cm to 60cm, florescence from September to October and fruit period from October to November. Like cool climate, afraid of high temperature, more hardy. High temperature is disadvantageous to the growth of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, and it is easy to induce diseases such as blight and white silk disease, resulting in root rot and death. Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is afraid of drought and water stains, so it is appropriate to use sandy loam with good drainage. Avoid continuous cropping, nor can it be rotated with peanuts, cabbages, tomatoes, radishes, potato rushes, tea and Radix scrophulariae, Shengdi, Baixi, Chuanxinlian, Fuzi and so on. The previous crop had better be Gramineae crop. But newly reclaimed land can also plant Atractylodes macrocephala.

I. cultivation methods

1. Seed selection and nursery

(1) seed selection: distinguish whether the seed is true or false, the new seed of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is red and fluffy, the surface is glossy, the cross section is clear, and the middle bud embryo has a pink line.

(2) Seedling and soaking seeds in 25-30 ℃ warm water for one day and night. Seedling can be raised in spring and autumn, seedling in the first year and transplanting in the next year. Spring sowing is from late March to the first and middle of April, and it is suitable for sowing above 12 ℃ of ground temperature. In the horizontal rake fine border surface horizontal trench sowing, row spacing 15 cm, sowing width 7 cm, ditch depth 3 cm 5 cm, the bottom of the ditch should be flat. The selected seeds were soaked in 1000 times of methyl topiramate for 3-5 minutes to prevent iron leaf disease. Mix the cold and dried seeds with sand and spread them into the ditch, step on them with your feet, cover with plant ash, remove a layer of superphosphate or cake fertilizer, cover with thin soil, cover the grass with a layer of heat preservation and moisturizing, facilitate the emergence of seeds, and remove them one by one after emergence. The amount of seed used per mu is 58kg, and 1 mu of high seedlings can be transplanted to 7 mu in the field. If sowing on demand, according to row spacing of 20 cm, plant spacing of 10 cm, hole depth of 3 to 5 cm, 3 seeds per hole, seedlings can emerge in about 7 days.

(3) Seedling stage management: ploughing and weeding after seedling emergence, so that there are no weeds in the field and no consolidation in the soil. When the seedling height is 7 cm, the seedling is fixed according to the plant spacing of 3 cm to 5 cm. Seedlings are afraid of waterlogging and drought, so drainage and irrigation should be timely. The first topdressing for 3 true leaves and the second topdressing for underground rhizome expansion in early July, using 500kg / mu of manure and 800 kg of manure per mu, and picking flower buds as early as possible in the later stage of growth to promote rhizome growth.

2. Seedling storage method: in order to survive the winter safely, the seedlings must be dug up and stored. Sowing from the first half of October to the first ten days of November, dig up the seedlings when the soil is dry, shake off the soil, remove the sick and weak seedlings and damaged seedlings, put them in the ventilated place to dry, wait for the skin to turn white and then store, so as to avoid mildew.

(1) cylinder storage: a small number of seedlings can be stored in tanks for the winter. Put a handful of straw in the middle of the container to ventilate and dissipate heat, spread a layer of green pine leaves on the bottom and four walls, and then install Atractylodes macrocephala seedlings, covered with green pine leaves or dried moss; after the green pine leaves are withered and yellow, change them in time to maintain enough moisture.

(2) Sand storage method: this method can be used when the quantity is large. In a cool and ventilated room, make a square enclosure with bricks or stones, and then spread fine sand 3cm thick on the soil to stack the seedlings layer by layer, that is, a layer of seedlings, a layer of sand, and a grass handle every 0.6-1m. When the pile is 35 cm high, cover the top with 7 cm thick sand or soil, and put thorns on it to prevent rodent damage. When the temperature is low in winter, add a layer of straw. The sand should be moderately wet and be checked every 15-30 days to remove the diseased seedlings in time.

(3) overwintering on the spot: Atractylodes macrocephala seedlings sown in autumn can be covered with hay or pu film to overwinter on the spot. Dig and plant as you dig the following spring.

3. Field cultivation techniques.

The main results are as follows: (1) selecting good seedlings: the rhizomes with full top bud head, developed root system, delicate epidermis, slender top and large round tail should be selected as seeds, classified according to size and planted separately, which can make the seedlings neat, easy to manage and increase the yield.

(2) planting time: the transplanting period should be determined according to the local climate, soil and farming system. From late December to early April of the following year. Early planting is better, early planting is the first root, then bud, root system is developed, vigorous growth, cold resistance, drought resistance, high yield. If the plant is planted too late, the bud will grow first, then the root will grow, the root system will grow poorly and the yield will be low due to the increase of temperature.

(3) planting methods: hole planting and strip planting. Planting density depends on soil fertility and fertilizer conditions. Proper close planting can increase the yield. The basic seedlings per mu are 8000 to 15000, 40kg to 60kg, 23cm to 26cm, 13cm to 16cm, and the hole depth is 7cm. First apply human feces and urine, and then put the seedlings in the hole after drying, so that the bud head upward, whisker root stretch, and then cover the soil buried, the terminal bud from the soil surface 3.5 cm. If the burial is too shallow, it is easy to suffer frost damage, then there are many buds and the operation shape is not good; on the contrary, the soil is too deep, the germination is slow, it is difficult to unearth, the operation shape is slender and the quality is poor.

II. Field management technology

1. Weeding in middle ploughing: after emergence of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz seedlings, weeds should be weeded frequently and soil should be loosened shallowly, so as to keep the field free of weeds. After the plant was closed in the middle of May, it was only weeded and not ploughed. Weeding is not suitable when the dew is not dry in the morning, otherwise it is easy to get sick.

2. The growth period of topdressing and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is 220-240 days. In addition to basic fertilizer, topdressing should be applied 3 times before planting. In the first ten days of April, the aboveground part of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is 800kg / mu, 500kg / mu in late May, and 2000 kg / mu in mid-August to late September in the third time. In addition, spraying foliar fertilizer with 1% superphosphate solution in more than 40 days before the start of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz can increase the yield, spraying once every 10 days for a total of 2 times. In short, it is necessary to grasp the principle of "applying sufficient base fertilizer, early application of seedling fertilizer and re-application of bud fertilizer".

3. Drainage and irrigation and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz are afraid of waterlogging, and the soil moisture is too large, so it is easy to get sick. Clean up the furrows in time in the rainy season from April to June to drain and prevent waterlogging. The rhizome expanded rapidly after August. Sufficient water is needed and should be watered in time in case of drought to ensure water supply.

4. Plucking buds, removing flower buds, reducing nutrient consumption and promoting the concentration of nutrients in the roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz appeared buds from early July, mid-July to early August, but when they were not yet open, they were picked in 3-4 batches. Move gently, hold the stem in one hand and pick the bud in the other. Do not pick on rainy days or before the dew is dry to prevent the invasion of diseases. The remaining species should choose plants with strong growth, large leaves and few branches, leave 6 large buds with full development at the top, and the rest buds should be removed. In early November, when the leaves at the base of the plant are yellow. When the crown hair in the flower is exposed, harvest the whole plant, remove the rhizome as medicinal material, tie it into a small handful, put it in a cool and cool place to dry, remove threshing every one month, clean the impurities, dry it in rain for 1 or 2 days, and store it in a dry place.