Key techniques of cultivation and Management of Dendrobium nobile

Orchidaceae plant Dendrobium nobile, alias Bian Jinchai, orchid. Perennial herb, 20-50 cm tall, with white aerial roots. Stems erect, tufted, yellowish green, slightly flat, sulcate, articulate. Simple leaves alternate, sessile, narrowly elliptic, leaf sheath clasping stem. Racemes quite unripe, with 2-3 florets, white flowers, apex slightly lavender; capsule elliptic, angled 4-angled; seeds fine. The flowering period is from May to June and the fruiting period is from July to August. The stem is used as medicine, cold in nature, sweet in taste, beneficial to stomach, nourishing yin and clearing heat, and can be used to treat Yin injury, mouth dryness, thirst, retching and other diseases.

1. The cultivation land of Dendrobium candidum for soil preparation should choose the environment of half overcast and half yang, the air humidity is more than 80%, and the winter temperature is above 0 ℃. The tree species should be yellow, pear, camphor, etc., and live trees with thick bark, longitudinal trenches, much water, luxuriant branches and leaves and thick trunks. Stone land should also be in cool and humid areas, where moss should grow on the stones and there should be a small amount of humus on the surface. When planting Dendrobium, land arrangement should be carried out first. its basic requirement is that when planting Dendrobium on a large rock, you should use a drill to make a nest on the stone surface with a spacing of 30 cm × 40 cm, with a depth of 5 cm to 10 cm. Hit a small outlet on the lower side of the stone surface to prevent the base from rotting by stagnant water, and the moss in other parts of the stone surface should be protected when striking the nest. When planting Dendrobium on small gravel, remove weeds and branches in the ground, reserve shade trees, and remove too many small and dense trees to increase light transmittance.

two。 Because the seeds of Dendrobium are very small, there are about 20,000 seeds in each capsule, which generally need to be cultured in the tissue culture room. Asexual reproduction is commonly used in small-scale production, which is carried out in spring or autumn. Plants with good growth potential, no diseases and insect pests, developed roots and sprouts in 1 ~ 2 years are selected as seed plants, which are uprooted, withered branches and cutting techniques are removed, and the long fibrous roots are cut off. the old root is about 3 cm, and it is divided into several clusters according to the number of stems, and each cluster must have 4 or 5 branches of stems.

3. The planting method of Dendrobium should be planted in spring (March-April) and autumn (August-September), especially in spring than in autumn. ① stone sticking planting method. Select the place where there is humus in the stone crevice and trough under the shady and wet forest, and wrap the roots of the Dendrobium seedlings divided into small clumps with cow dung mud and plug them into the rock seams or grooves, and try to keep them stable so as not to fall. If cultivated on gravel, the way is to put the seedlings flat on the gravel, and then use stones to press the middle and lower part of the seedlings, with the base and top exposed, so that the wind can not move. When planting Dendrobium around the stone surface, you can use a drill to hit a small nest. 30 ∶ 1 phosphate fertilizer can be added to the fresh cow dung, mixed with water, and the dilute humidity should be pinched with no water in the fingers, so that the seedlings of Dendrobium can be firmly attached to the middle and lower part of the stem of Dendrobium seedlings. ② affixing tree planting method. Cut a shallow crack in a flat and thick trunk or branch or every 30cm to 50cm, peel off some bark, and then fix the base of the prepared Dendrobium seedlings at the crack of the tree with bamboo nails or ropes. Then use cow dung mud (mix well with cow dung and mud) in the root and the surrounding bark ditch. In order to prevent the wind from blowing and Rain Water scouring, bamboo nails or ropes such as bamboo strips are generally used to fix Dendrobium whisker roots and plants on tree trunks or trees. When planting on a tree, it should be carried out from the top down.

4. Field management of Dendrobium should maintain moist air conditions after planting, should be properly watered, but strictly prevent excessive watering, avoid stagnant water rotting roots. There is no need to fertilize when planting Dendrobium. After planting Dendrobium, topdressing is carried out in the second year, once or twice a year, the first time is to promote bud fertilizer, before and after the Spring Equinox to Qingming Festival; the second time is to keep warm fertilizer, before and after the Beginning of Winter. Mix well with cake, soybean dregs, cow dung, pig manure, mud, phosphate fertilizer and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, then paste a thin layer on the root. Because the root of Dendrobium has poor function of absorbing nutrients, in order to promote its growth, 2% calcium superphosphate or 1% potassium sulfate is used for extra-root fertilization every 1-2 months during its growth period. No matter what method is used to cultivate Dendrobium, the time of fertilizer application should be carried out after the dew is dry in the early morning, and it is strictly forbidden to apply it in the hot sun, otherwise it will seriously affect the normal growth of Dendrobium. Dendrobium is weeded twice a year after planting, the first time is from mid-March to early April, and the second time is in November. In the summer high temperature season, it is not suitable to weed, so as not to affect the normal growth of Dendrobium. Before sprouting or harvesting Dendrobium in spring every year, some old and withered branches, as well as overdense stem branches should be cut off to promote the growth of new buds. After planting Dendrobium for 5 years, a lot of plants germinated, the old roots died, the matrix rotted, and the bacteria infected, which made the plants grow poorly, so the plants should be turned over according to the growth situation, the decayed old roots should be removed, the ramets should be cultivated separately, so as to promote the growth of plants and increase yield and income.

5. Diseases and insect pests control of Dendrobium usually occur in the process of growth and development: ① black spot. The disease often occurs from March to May. Its development was prevented and controlled with 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution or Doling 1000 times solution. ② coal pollution disease. The main onset period of the disease is from March to May. Spray 1000 times of 50% carbendazim or 1500 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion for 1 and 2 times. ③ anthrax. The main onset period of the disease is from January to May. Spray 50% carbendazim 1000 times or 50% methyl topiramate 1000 times to prevent and control the infection of the disease to the new strain. At present, the main pests found are: ① Dendrobium. The pest is in the peak incubation period in late May, and the spraying effect is better with 1000 times of 40% dimethoate EC or lager 3 degree stone sulfur mixture. If it has become a shield shell but with a small amount, it can be prevented and treated by cutting off the old branches and leaves and centrally burning or twisting them to death. ② snail. Mix trichlorfon with wheat bran, spread poison bait in places where pests are often active, spray trichlorfon, deltamethrin and other pesticides in the cultivation bed and surrounding environment, or spread quicklime.

6. After harvesting and initial processing cultivation for 2 or 3 years, it can be harvested all the year round, but it is better for the unsprouted plants from the Beginning of Winter to Qingming Festival. When harvesting, cut the old plant from the base of the stem with scissors or sickle, and pay attention to picking the old and leaving the tender plant to continue to grow, so as to achieve the goal of planting in one year and benefiting for many years. Fresh Dendrobium can not remove leaves and fibrous roots, which can be used as medicine directly. Or remove whisker roots and branches and leaves and store them with wet sand. The traditional processing methods of dried Dendrobium are water scalding and hot frying. ① water scalding method. The leaves and fibrous roots of Dendrobium were removed and soaked in water for several days. after the plasma membrane of the leaf sheath rotted, the plasma membrane of the leaf sheath on the stem was brushed off with a brush or rubbed with bran shell. Bake after drying the water, bind it with dried straw and cover the bamboo mat to make it airtight. Baking firepower should not be too large, and should be uniform, when baking to 7: 80% dry, rub and dry again, take out and spray a little boiling water, then stack it sequentially, cover it with a straw mat, make the color golden, and then bake until fully dry. ② hot frying method. Place the fresh Dendrobium prepared according to law in a pot filled with stir-fried river sand, press it with hot sand, often turn it up and down, stir until there is a slight cracking sound, and when the leaf sheath is dry and warped, immediately take it out and place it on the wood scrub board and rub it repeatedly to remove the residual leaf sheath, wash the sand with water, dry it in the hot sun, rub it repeatedly the next day after night dew, and repeat it for 2 or 3 times, making it golden in color and tight in texture. Dry and get it.