High-yield and high-quality planting techniques of safflower

Safflower, also known as Carthamus tinctorius, is an annual or perennial plant of Compositae. It mainly produces Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, * and other provinces, and can be planted in most parts of the country. Flower for medicinal use, with promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation, removing blood stasis, detumescence and pain and other effects, or more widely used natural pigments and dyes. The oil content of the seeds produced after harvesting safflower is more than 30%, and the processed safflower seed oil is an important industrial raw material.

I. selection of land parcels

1. Select soil: neutral loam or light clay and soil with PH value between 6.5 and 8.5 should be selected for planting. If the sandy soil is too large, the ability of water and fertilizer conservation is poor, the required nutrition can not meet the growth requirements, the growth is thin, the disease is serious in the later stage, the Corolla is small, the safflower seed is thin, and it is easy to lodge in the later growth stage, the yield is low and the quality is poor. If the soil is too clayey or heavy saline-alkali soil (PH value > 8.5), the aeration and water permeability is poor, the structure is dense, it is easy to form soil consolidation, nitrogen metabolism and protein synthesis can not be carried out normally, and the harmful substances decomposed in the soil can not be discharged in time, which obviously inhibit the growth of roots. In serious cases, it will cause the death of safflower plants.

2. Choose topography: the so-called topography is the height and slope of the land, which includes mountains, ridges and flatlands. The topography of planting safflower should choose the land with high and dry terrain and no stagnant water. The mountain should choose a sunny or semi-sunny slope with low mountains and plenty of sunshine; the slope of the hilly land should not be too steep, and the slope generally should not exceed 20 degrees; the flat land should have unimpeded drainage facilities and do high border planting, and drainage ditches should be dug around or in the middle of the parcel to ensure that the land does not accumulate water after heavy rain.

3. Non-continuous cropping: legumes or gramineous crops are the best crops in the land where safflower is planted, and the rotation system has been implemented for more than three years, resulting in the lack of host conditions for some diseases and pests. It can economically and effectively restrain or reduce the harm of some diseases and pests to safflower plants, reduce production costs and labor investment, and lay a good foundation for high quality and high yield.

Second, sowing seeds at the right time

Because the requirements of temperature, light, water and other environmental conditions are different in the whole growing period (140 days) of safflower, the most suitable sowing time should be selected according to the changing law of climatic conditions and biological characteristics of safflower in a year.

The main results are as follows: 1. In terms of temperature, safflower seeds can germinate when the temperature is more than 5 degrees. The temperature of 15 degrees 20 degrees in vegetative growth stage and 28 degrees in reproductive growth stage is the best.

2. In the aspect of sunshine, in the vegetative growth period, short-day sunshine is beneficial to plant development, while in the flowering and seed-setting stage, long-term sunshine can promote Corolla hypertrophy, full grain formation and high yield.

3. In terms of water, because of the well-developed root system of Carthamus tinctorius, there is no strict requirement for water in other stages except for the seedling stage and bud formation stage. According to the above three main biological characteristics of safflower. It is the most suitable for autumn sowing in North China, and the sowing time is from the Autumn Equinox to Frosts Descent; autumn sowing or spring sowing is possible in the south of the Yangtze River and northwest China. Sowing method: small area planting can adopt hole sowing, after soil fertilization, ploughing and raking evenly, according to row spacing of 35mur40cm, plant spacing of 25cm, digging holes of 5cm deep, sowing safflower seeds in each hole, covering 6 grains of safflower seed, covering soil lightly. Under certain conditions, warning sowing can be carried out, and the row spacing and hole sowing are the same. Use 3 kilograms of seeds per mu.

III. Field management

1. Seedling replenishment: when the seedlings have 3 true leaves, one strong seedling is left every 10 centimeters; when the seedlings grow to 8 centimeters high, one seedling is left every 15 centimeters, and two strong seedlings are left in each hole sown. The lack of seedlings is made up with strong seedlings from time to time.

2. Intermediate ploughing and weeding: shallow ploughing was carried out twice in the early growth period to break the consolidation, loosen the soil and increase the soil temperature. Combined with ploughing, proper soil cultivation should be carried out to prevent lodging. After the plants are closed, there is no need for ploughing.

3. Topdressing: after setting seedlings in early spring, 10 kg urea was applied per mu, 50 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied to each mu before the plant branched. At the same time, topping was carried out to promote more branches, more buds and increase the yield.

IV. Harvesting and processing

Carthamus tinctorius begins to bloom in late May and reaches full bloom two days later. It can be harvested in the morning-before 10:00, when the Corolla tip of the safflower turns yellow to red. It lasts for 15 minutes and lasts for 20 days. Harvested saffron, flat, thin shop on the Reed mat, put in a ventilated place to dry or cover the newspaper to dry in the sun, can also be dried at 50 degrees, but pay attention to do not turn in the process of dry exercise. After 20 days of picking safflower, when the stems and leaves wither, the plants can be harvested and the seeds can be removed.

Fifth, the advantages of planting safflower:

(1) the time is short (autumn sowing and summer harvest is the same as wheat).

(2) extensive sowing management (warning sowing, simple management).

(3) the requirement of soil is not strict, and the technology is simple.

(4) the output is stable and the benefit is good.

(5) the market prospect is broad.