Cultivation techniques of Schisandra chinensis

1. Land selection and preparation

Choose moist environment, loose fertile loam or humus soil, forest under irrigation conditions, river valley, both banks of streams, hillside of about 15 degrees, shade degree of 50%~60%, ventilated and transparent places, terrain selection, soil preparation, ploughing, fine cultivation, low-lying plots prone to waterlogging and more rain can be made into high beds, bed height of about 15 cm, high dryness and drought, less rain places can be made into flat beds, no matter what kind of bed should have more than 15 cm loose soil layer, The width of the ridge is 120-150 cm, and the length depends on the seed and terrain. Apply 5-10 kg of decomposed manure per square meter, stir evenly with bed soil, and level the ridge surface for sowing.

2. propagation method

Sub-sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction, large-scale production often uses seed reproduction.

(1) Seed treatment

Seeds of schisandra chinensis have post-embryonic dormancy, i.e. deep dormancy type. Embryo has not developed well when seeds are harvested. Embryo growth and development require low humidity and humidity conditions. Embryo can mature and seeds can germinate after 3~4 months of wet sand burial at 0~5℃. Production needs autumn sowing or low temperature sand storage to the next spring sowing, seed harvest when the ear selection, selection of large fruit grains, uniform seed, drying or drying in the shade, before freezing with clean water soaked until the pulp rises when the pulp control to remove the floating on the water, then soaked in clean water for 5-7 days, so that full water absorption, every other day to change the water once, when changing the water can also remove a part of the batch of seeds. After soaking, take out and control to mix with 2 - 3 times of wet sand and seeds evenly, put them into a pit prepared outdoors with a depth of about 50 cm, cover them with fine soil of 10 - 15 cm, cover them with firewood or straw curtains, and carry out low temperature treatment. In late February, move the seeds indoors, mix with wet sand, put them into wooden boxes, and enter sand storage treatment. The temperature is kept between 5 and 15 DEG C. The seeds can be sown in May and June of the next year. The germination rate reached 60%.

The seeds were soaked in cold water for 3 days, then soaked in gibberellin 2.5*10 - 4 power or copper sulfate solution for 24 hours. The germination rate was 68% and 56% respectively after 40 days. Soak seeds with copper sulfate for 7 minutes (operation should be careful), take out and wash with water, put gibberellin 5*10 - 4 power solution to soak seeds for 12 hours, sprout from 15 days to one month after sowing, and the seedling rate can reach 70%.

The seeds of schisandra chinensis are sown in spring and autumn. Spring sowing in May broadcast or drill, row spacing 10 cm, soil cover 1.53 cm, sowing rate per square meter about 0.03 kg. Water thoroughly, cover grass to preserve moisture. Seedling retreat to cover grass, shelving shade, ventilation and a small amount of sunlight. When the seedling height is 5~6 cm, the shelving is removed, the seedlings are fixed according to the plant spacing of 5 cm, the urea is applied at 5 kg per hectare, and the seedlings are planted in the field in the spring of the second or third year, and the seedlings are planted according to the row spacing of 100 cm *50 cm. Every year after a fertilizer, rhizomes grow new branches cut off in time. Autumn sowing is better in actual production. Some also use new seeds of the year. Rinse with clean water to remove pulp, control dryness and sow in August. After that, set up a 100~150 cm high scaffolding, shade with reed curtain or curtain, water the soil dry, remove the shade when the seedlings grow 2~3 true leaves, and weed frequently. Winter seedlings to cover grass, the next spring can be planted. North-south row or contour planting, plant spacing 50~100 cm *150~200 cm.

(2) Layered propagation

before germination in spring, selecting healthy stems and tendrils, removing nearby dead branches and weeds, digging a pit with a depth of 10 - 15cm at intervals on the ground, carefully taking down the stems and tendrils of schisandra chinensis from climbing plants, placing them in the pit, covering the pit with soil, and forming new plants after rooting and tendrils, and transplanting in the second year.

(3) Cutting propagation

selecting an annual branch before the plants sprout in spring or at the late flowering stage in autumn, cutting solid and healthy branches in rainy season, cutting into a section 12 - 15 cm long with 2-3 buds, cutting into a 45-degree inclined plane under the upper incision, soaking the cutting base with ABT No. 1 rooting powder 150* 10 to the power of-66 for 6 hours or NAA 500*10 to the power of-6 for 12 hours, placing on a seedbed with 3 parts of mixed loam and 1 part of sand, spacing 12 cm, plant spacing 6 - 9 cm, Inclined inserted deep for cutting 2/3, bed cover blue plastic film, often watering, can also be in the greenhouse with electric temperature control seedlings, bed cover blue plastic film and flower curtain, temperature control. Shading, temperature control at 20~25℃, relative humidity 90%, shade degree 60%~70%, rooting rate 38%~87%, planting in spring of the next year.

(4) Field planting

About 60 cm away from the tree stump, plant one on each side. This method yields high yields. Artificial frame, according to the row spacing of 100 cm *50 cm, 60 cm *50 cm planting schisandra seedlings. North and south rows for ventilation and light transmission, dig holes about 30 cm deep and wide, mix fertilizer and soil to fill holes. When planting seedlings, fill half of the soil, lift the seedlings slightly and straighten the roots, which is conducive to survival. Soothing, watering, water infiltration and then cover a layer of soil.

3. field management

(1) Irrigation and fertilization

Schizandra like water and fertilizer, seedling growth is very slow, so often watering, weeding, fertilization. In addition to sufficient water supply, a large amount of fertilizer is needed during the flowering and fruiting period of pregnant buds. Generally, it is chased twice a year. Before the first leaf exhibition and before the second flowering, each plant shall be topdressed with 5~10 kg of decomposed farm manure, 30~50 cm away from the root, and 15~20 cm deep circular ditch shall be opened around it. Do not hurt the root and cover the soil after application; the second topdressing shall be applied with appropriate increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote fruit maturity.

(2) erection

After the second year of transplanting, the frame is erected, the material is made of cement column or angle steel column, a horizontal line is drawn on the upper part of the column with wooden pole or bamboo pole or No.8 iron wire, a bamboo pole or wooden pole is erected at each main vine, the height is 250 - 300 cm, the diameter is 1.5 - 2 cm, the bamboo pole or wooden pole is fixed on the horizontal line with rope, the vine of schisandra chinensis is guided to the frame according to the right-hand direction, and the vine is tied with rope, and then the frame is naturally put on the frame.

(3) pruning

3~4 strong branches of each plant are selected and cultivated, and most of the rest of the basal branches are cut off. The pruning is divided into spring, summer and autumn.

Spring pruning: cut off short fruiting branches and dead branches, leave 8~12 buds for long fruiting branches and cut off the rest. After pruning, the branches are moderately dense and do not interfere with each other. It is carried out before germination.

Summer pruning: from early May to mid-August, cutting off basal branches, bore branches, overlapping branches and diseased branches. New shoots that are too dense should also be thinned or truncated.

Autumn pruning: carried out after defoliation, pruning basal branches. Three pruning should pay attention to leaving 2~3 vegetative branches as main branches, and lead vines to the shelves.