High-yield cultivation techniques of Radix Astragali

Astragalus membranaceus is a leguminous plant. Astragalus mongolicus and Astragalus membranaceus planted locally in Anguo City are authentic Radix Astragali, its roots are dried for medicinal use, and tender leaves can be used as medicinal tea after stir-frying.

1. Biological characteristics

Astragalus membranaceus is a deep root plant, which is suitable for growing in sandy loam with deep, fertile and loose soil layer and good drainage. Like cool climate, drought-resistant, cold-resistant, afraid of heat, afraid of stagnant water. Too high temperature often inhibits leaf growth, and too wet soil will cause root rot. Seeds do not like high temperature when they germinate. Sowing when the local temperature is 7-8 ℃, the soil keeps a certain humidity. Generally, seedlings can emerge in 10-15 days, and the suitable temperature for germination is 14-15 ℃. Avoid stubble. It is not suitable for continuous cropping with potatoes, chrysanthemums and Atractylodes macrocephala.

2. Cultivation methods

(1) selecting and preparing land. Select sandy soil with high dryness and good drainage, apply sufficient basic fertilizer, use more than 4000 kg of high-quality ring fertilizer and 30 kg of diammonium phosphate every 667m2. If possible, you can also apply 50kg bean cake, plough 30-45cm, turn the fertilizer into the soil, level and rake fine and make the border. Generally, the ridge distance is 15-20 cm, and the width of the border is 1.2 m.

(2) sowing and seed treatment. Seeds can be sown in spring, summer and autumn. In Anguo area, the seeds were sown from the Spring Equinox to the Qingming Festival, and some of them were sown before freezing, and the seedlings emerged in the following spring, using 1-1.5kg seeds per 667m square. The seeds sowed in winter need not be treated, those sown in spring should be treated, choose the brown, full and glossy seeds, rub the seed coat slightly with sand, pour the seeds into 30-40 ℃ water, soak for 2-4 hours, wait for the seeds to expand, fish out and sow immediately. When sowing, open a 3 cm deep sowing ditch on the border, the row spacing is 15-20 cm, the seeds are mixed with fine sand, skim into the ditch evenly, cover the soil 1-1.5 cm, and slightly suppress.

3. Field management

(1) watering and drainage. After sowing to before emergence, the bed is moist and generally does not need watering. Before and after the seedling height is not more than 9 cm, generally do not water, keep the ground a little dry, the soil is loose, in order to facilitate the root system to elongate downward. Summer watering should be carried out in the morning and evening. If it suddenly clears up after heavy rain at noon, it should be drained in time and watered to reduce the ground temperature. At the same time, we should prevent rotting roots and dead seedlings.

(2) weeding and fixing seedlings. After watering or rain, loosen the soil to preserve soil moisture, and keep the soil loose and free of weeds. Can also be used to catch net, fluralin chemical weeding, safe for Astragalus membranaceus. When the height of the seedling is 9-12 cm, the seedling is fixed according to the plant spacing of 10 cm. When the seedling is 15-18cm high, you can use mature human dung 1000-2000 kg / 667m2, or cake fertilizer 50kg. If you use chemical fertilizer, give priority to phosphate and potassium fertilizer, apply 40-50 kg per 667 square meters. The trench should be strictly covered with soil and watered immediately.

4. Harvest and processing

Astragalus membranaceus is generally harvested I times a year. There are also I harvests in two years. Harvest before and after the Beginning of Winter. When collecting and planing, first cut off the ground, open a trench on one side of the border to dig out the root, dry it and trim the root hair, tie it into small bundles, or cut into slices for medicinal use. Generally 667 square meters dry astragalus root 200-250 kg, considerable economic benefits.