Key points of cultivation techniques of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

1. Overview: Zanthoxylum bungeanum belongs to Rutaceae Zanthoxylum bungeanum plants, which have the functions of warming and dispelling cold, drying dampness and killing insects, and relieving pain. It can also be used to control storage pests and as seasoning for cooking. Most areas of the country are cultivated.

Second, growth habits: pepper is a shallow root species, barren tolerance, lax soil requirements, general pH value in the range of 6.5~8.0 can be planted, but pH value in the range of 7.0~7.5 growth best. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is cold-resistant and can withstand low temperatures of-21℃. It can be cultivated in areas with an average annual temperature of 8~10℃. Zanthoxylum bungeanum likes light, generally requires annual sunshine hours of not less than 1800 hours; more cultivated in mountainous areas, plains are better, its root water resistance is poor, low-lying waterlogging is not suitable for planting.

III. Cultivation techniques:

1. Selection and preparation of land: general seedling selection flat terrain, warm sunny, good drainage, easy to irrigate flat or gentle slope, and the previous crop is leguminous for good, not continuous cropping. After selecting the plot, the land should be refined, leveled in time, carefully cultivated, and removed from grass roots and stones. Generally, autumn ploughing before seedling raising is appropriate, with a depth of 25~30cm, to improve the soil by storing water and preserving moisture. Before ploughing, apply enough basal fertilizer and soil treatment, generally apply cake fertilizer 100kg or compost 4000kg per mu, and add potassium chloride 30kg. In order to sterilize insects, soil treatment is carried out 5~7 days before sowing. Generally, 1%~3% ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) aqueous solution is sprayed on the seedling ground, and 3kg per square meter is sprayed for sterilization. At the same time, 1kg carbofuran per mu was applied to kill insects.

2. Sowing: Spring and autumn can be sown, more than autumn sowing is good. Spring sowing after the soil thaw, autumn sowing in the soil before freezing (late October to late November), commonly used sowing methods are drilling and broadcasting. Drilling: Furrowing sowing, generally according to the row spacing of 20~25cm, sowing width of 15cm, seed amount of 1kg per mu, sowing according to 2 kg per mu.

3. Thinning: When the seedlings grow to about 3cm, carry out the first thinning; when the seedlings are 10cm high, carry out seedling determination, and the seedling determination standard is 20,000 plants/mu.

4. Planting: General seedlings grow to 1 year after planting in situ. The planting season should be carried out in autumn or rainy season. In northern areas, it is often planted in winter, spring and rainy season. Spring planting is carried out after the soil thaws and before the seedlings sprout; winter planting is carried out after the leaves fall and before the soil freezes. Before planting, the planting site shall be determined according to the plan, and holes shall be dug according to the row spacing of 2.2m and the plant spacing of 1.5m. Generally, 200 prickly ash seedlings shall be planted per mu, and the depth of holes shall be determined according to the seedlings. When planting, first fill the deep soil mixed with farm manure into the bottom of the pit and step it down, then put the seedlings into the pit, cover the roots with soil, and gently shake the seedlings. The planting depth is slightly higher than the ground. After planting, irrigate the roots with fixed water, and seal the soil after water penetration.

IV. High yield and high quality management:

1. Fixed stem: after planting, when the seedlings are more than 60cm high, they should be fixed in time, the height should be 50~60cm, the branches should be cut obliquely, and the full buds should be left under the cutting. Cut off the weak branches and lateral branches 30~40cm above the ground. After survival, they were watered once in May and once in June, and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer was applied.

2. Topdressing: pepper generally planted after 2 years of fruit, 3 to 4 years into the peak fruit period, after picking fruit to topdressing. 5~10kg farm manure and 0.3 kg calcium superphosphate were applied to each tree in early fruit stage, 20~40kg farm manure and 1~ 2 kg calcium superphosphate were applied to each tree in full fruit stage. In addition, 0.5% urea aqueous solution should be sprayed once at the end of March at the time of germination, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution once at the flowering stage in June, 800 times of Gaomeshi solution once at the fruiting stage, and 0.5% urea solution plus 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once.

3. Watering: pepper 1 year to pay attention to germination before, after fruiting, leaves after watering 1 time.

4. Pruning: Every year, the branches of the main branches and lateral branches should be shortened, the density should be weak and strong, so that the branches in the crown are strong, balanced, ventilated and transparent.