Cultivation techniques and overwintering maintenance of Eucommia ulmoides

Eucommia ulmoides, the dried bark of Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), a plant of Eucommia ulmoides, is a valuable nourishing medicine in China. Eucommia ulmoides tea with Eucommia ulmoides leaves as raw materials has many effects, such as tonifying liver and kidney, strengthening muscles and bones, lowering blood pressure, calming fetus and so on.

With the advent of winter, the overwintering maintenance of Eucommia ulmoides becomes more and more important. Growers need to carry out scientific maintenance during the overwintering period of Eucommia ulmoides trees, which is of great significance for cultivating tree potential, increasing yield and economic benefits.

I. farming and fertilization

Winter tillage of Eucommia ulmoides by tillage and fertilization is beneficial to promote seedling growth and enhance the ability of Eucommia ulmoides trees to survive the winter. The method is to turn the soil more than 20 cm deep to fully expose the deep soil in the sun, improve the physical properties of the soil, increase the permeability of the soil, help to form the aggregate structure of the soil, and enhance the water and fertilizer conservation capacity of the soil. Combined with winter farming, organic fertilizer can also be applied, or the planted green manure can be buried deep in the soil to increase fertility.

2. Pruning

Pruning adult Eucommia ulmoides trees is usually pruned in winter, once a year, according to the purpose of cultivation. For the purpose of harvesting the bark of Eucommia ulmoides, the side branches should be trimmed properly and the overdense side branches and the one-year-old sprouting seedlings growing on the ground should be cut off so as to promote the robust growth of the trunk and main branches. Pruning can be combined with the renewal of Eucommia ulmoides orchard. Among the new tillers, some new seedlings with good orientation, sturdiness and exuberant growth are selected to promote the trunk thickening and vigorous growth of the new seedlings, so as to replace the old trees as soon as possible to build a new Eucommia ulmoides garden. If we mainly harvest Eucommia ulmoides leaves, it is not necessary to cut off lateral branches and sprouting tillers, so that the tillering seedlings grow into trunks and form a natural garden crown, with many trunk, branches, leaves and luxuriant leaves, which can increase the yield of Eucommia ulmoides leaves. When pruning, attention should be paid to cutting off disease and insect branches, withered branches, overdense young branches and unevenly growing branches.

Third, clean the countryside and control insect pests

1. In winter, it is combined with cleaning the countryside, cleaning the dead branches and leaves, concentrated treatment, and tightly covered with soil to make it fermented and mature, which can not only reduce the pollution of diseases, but also accumulate fertilizer.

two。 Combined with clearing the garden, eliminate the damaged trees and eliminate the overwintering pests. According to the overwintering habits of thorn moth cocoons, destroy its overwintering places and artificially eliminate the overwintering cocoons by breaking the cocoons on the trunk in winter and excavating the cocoons in the soil around Eucommia ulmoides trees combined with farming.

IV. Protection against cold

Peeled Eucommia ulmoides trees and 1-3-year-old young trees are very important to keep cold in winter. The specific measures are as follows: for peeled Eucommia ulmoides trees, grass can be used to cover the trunk, which can not only maintain temperature and humidity, but also prevent the sun from shining directly on the trunk after falling leaves. Burn. Soil cultivation is mainly used for 1 ~ 3-year-old seedlings to protect against cold. The specific method is as follows: after the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides are fallen, the plant is pressed down with moist soil, and then the whole plant is buried with moist soil. The heap is about 30 cm high, and the soil is removed in the early spring of the next year to straighten the plant.