High-quality and High-yield cultivation techniques of herbaceous Plant Achyranthes bidentata

Achyranthes bidentata is one of the four major Huai medicine, is an annual herb, roots, stems, leaves can be used in medicine, but mainly root. "Picture Classic Materia Medica" said: "Achyranthes bidentata born in Hanoi Sichuan Valley and Linqu, today Jianghuai, Fujian, Guangdong, Guanzhong have, but not as true as Huizhou." From the function of Achyranthes bidentata, it has its unique medical function. It is not only the main medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, but also a medicine for introducing menstruation, and it is also a special medicine for the treatment of some difficult diseases.

1. Select the place

The land selection of Achyranthes bidentata should be far away from densely populated areas such as cities, industrial and mining enterprises, village roads, and so on.

Heavy metals and toxic elements in soil should comply with national standards: cadmium content ≤ 0.3mg / kg, mercury content ≤ 0.3mg / kg, arsenic content ≤ 30mg / kg, lead content ≤ 300mg / kg, chromium content ≤ 200mg / kg, copper content ≤ 100mg / kg.

1.2 the hourly values of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and TSP in the air should not exceed the second-class national ambient air quality (GB3095-1996) standard.

1.3 the index of irrigation water should conform to the quality standard of farmland irrigation water: groundwater PH 6.90, total hardness (CaCO3) 274-352mg/L, Cl (69.9-75.4mg/L), potassium permanganate index 1.86-2.64mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 0.9-0.10mg/L, nitrate 0.08-0.09mg/L, hexavalent chromium 0.002-0.003mg/L.

1.4 the suitable soil types are mixed soil and sandy loam. It is required that the soil layer is deep, the nutrient content is high, the water conservation and fertility is strong, and the drainage and irrigation conditions are good. The groundwater level is below 2 meters, and the soil PH value is 6.8-7.2. Avoid yam, beans, oil and other crops in the previous crop.

2. Land preparation

2.1 after the plot is selected, fertilizing and ploughing should be done before the middle of June. Generally, 100kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 10kg of cake fertilizer (sesame oil cake is the best) and 3000-5000kg of high quality farm manure are applied per mu.

2.2 the depth of ploughing requires 50-60 cm. First dig a deep trench with a width of not less than 50 cm, start with the second trench, fill the soil into the previous trench, and spread base fertilizer evenly in layers, and distribute more reasonably up and down until the ploughing is finished.

2.3 6-8 days before sowing, level the sunburned land, irrigate and collapse the soil moisture, and then make a ridge to make a border to be planted.

3. Seed selection and sowing

3.1 the main varieties are Huai Achyranthes bidentata No. 1 (walnut pattern) and Huai Achyranthes bidentata No. 2 (kite trees).

3.2 before sowing, dry the seeds for 1-2 days, or soak the seeds in 20 ℃ warm water for about 24 hours, remove and drain, mix with fine sand to sow.

3.3 the best sowing time is in the first and middle of July.

In the method of strip sowing, the seeds were evenly scattered in the ditch by 15-20cm, and then compacted after covering the soil, and the sowing rate was 0.7kg/ mu. In the sowing method, the seeds were evenly scattered according to 1kg/ mu, shallow raked once, mixed with soil, slightly suppressed, kept moist, and watered once after 3 days, and sprinkler irrigation with sprinkler irrigation was the best.

4 field management

4.1 when the seedling height is 5-8cm, combined with loosening the soil and weeding, the seedlings are about 6-7cm apart. When the height of the seedling is 12-15cm, the seedling is fixed according to the plant spacing of 14-15cm. Due to the harm of diseases and pests, seedlings should not be prematurely. Attention should be paid to getting rid of too high, too low and diseased seedlings.

4.2 ploughing and weeding 1-2 times before and after seedling setting, combined with shallow hoeing to loosen the soil, hoe off the lateral root in the topsoil, which is helpful to the growth of the main root.

Topdressing is generally carried out in two stages, 15-20kg/ mu of topdressing in the early stage and 30-40kg/ mu of topdressing in the later stage, mainly topdressing urea, but not topdressing if the basal fertilizer is sufficient.

4.4 according to the growth of Achyranthes bidentata, watering should be selected at the right time, and generally should not be watered more.

4.5 before and after September 6, enter the flowering stage, cut off the flower ear in time, and cut it again in the middle of September to avoid wasting nutrients.

5. Pest control

In the process of prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Achyranthes bidentata, the production of pollution-free green food should be based on the principle of producing pollution-free green food in order to improve economic, ecological and social benefits.

5.1 White rust: control methods a, elimination of bacterial sources, collection of diseased and residual plants and fallen leaves in the field, and centralized burning; b, reasonable crop rotation, which can be rotated with Gramineae crops instead of amaranth plants C, spray prevention and control, spray 1L Bordeaux solution or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid 2muri 3 times, or spray with 80% aluminum ethyl phosphate wettable powder 300 times 400 times liquid, or spray carbendazim and methyl thiophanate wettable powder once every 7 days, 1-2 times in succession.

5.2 Leaf spot: control method: spray 120 times Bordeaux solution or 65% wettable zinc 500 times solution at the initial stage of the disease, once every 10 days, 1-2 times in succession.

5.3 Root rot: the agricultural control method is to remove the stagnant water in the field in time, or it can be sprayed with 0.3 m / m 0.5 Baumedu stone sulfur mixture, once every 10 days, 1-2 times in succession.

5.4 Underground pests: control methods: a. Manual hunting; b. Poison bait control: cut the fresh grass into small pieces and mix it with 50% phoxim EC 0.5kg into a poison bait, or put the paulownia leaves soaked in trichlorfon solution in the field in the evening; 100g of 80% trichlorfon wettable powder, add a small amount of water and stir-fried wheat bran 5kg, sprinkle in the evening 4050% dimethoate 100ml mixed with water 5kg of bait fried until fragrant (wheat bran, bean cake or corn chips, etc.), plane a large pit at the mouth of a bowl every 2m, put a pinch of poison bait and cover the soil with 1.5ml bait per mu, with a safe interval of 7ml for 10 days.

5.5 Spodoptera litura: before the 3rd instar, the larvae were sprayed with 1 000 times of 80% trichlorfon or 1000 times with 50% phoxim.

6. Harvesting and processing

The harvest time is from "the Beginning of Winter" to "Lesser Snow" (that is, the end of the first ten days and the beginning of the last ten days of November).

6.2 cut off the stems and leaves first, leaving 10-15cm stems and leaves. Planing requires deep and complete planing, not cutting. Start from one end of the ground when digging, and then dig in sequence to ensure that Achyranthes bidentata is intact. You can also use machine planing and use dovetail plough to loosen the soil to speed up the harvest.