Cultivation and processing techniques of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata is a plant with no leaves and no roots. it is used as a medicine in underground tubers. It mainly treats hypertension, vertigo, headache, mouth tilt, limb numbness, infantile convulsion (wind), hemiplegia and so on. It is also used in the brain health care of pilots and dementia for many years, and it is an ideal medicine for brain nerve health care.

1. Reproduction of Gastrodia elata

1.1 sexual reproduction when a small number of Gastrodia elata extract stems from the ground and blossom, keep the sandy soil moist, fix the stem of the flower with a bamboo pole to block the direct sunlight, and after the bud is formed, the flower will open one to several a day from the bottom up. If there is a lack of pollination insects (bees can also be moved nearby), artificial pollination should be done, using tweezers to open the Corolla, remove the anther cap, take out the pollen block and place it on the stigma. The time of pollination should be from 10:00 to 4 p.m. When pollination is successful, the ovary expands, the Corolla withered, and the ovary has obvious stitches. Once the ovary is cracked, a large number of seeds will be raised. When a fruit is cracked, five adjacent fruits will be cut off and placed in a dish to be naturally cracked. The seeds scattered in the dish shall be sown immediately and shall not be placed. Lift the fungus material of the prepared fungus bed, spread the seeds between the leaf layers in the broad-leaved leaves with a thickness of about 1cm, sow the seeds of 20 fruits per square meter, then restore the fungus bed to its original state, sprinkle a layer of leaves and cover the cover. Let it grow into a strong Gastrodia elata and become a high-yielding hybrid. When planting Gastrodia elata, make a few more bacterial beds, do not get out of bed, and prepare to pick Gastrodia elata for sexual reproduction.

1.2 during asexual reproduction, Armillaria mellea can grow when the ground temperature is 5 Mel and 6 ℃ from October to November. Gastrodia elata needs about 10 ℃ to germinate, so Gastrodia elata planted in autumn and winter has a long time, which is convenient for the combination of Armillaria mellea and flax seeds. There will be an adequate supply of nutrients when Gastrodia elata begins to sprout in the coming year. Therefore, autumn planting is the best season.

The method is as follows: select the site to dig the cellar: select the black sandy soil with humus, filter the water to keep warm in the mountain area or dig the cellar in the courtyard. Deep 25-30cm, wide 50-60cm, long-term site fixed. Pit bottom along the mountain with a slope of 10-15 degrees, in order to facilitate the water. Prepare backfill: use the black loose soil of the mountain broad-leaved forest (Chai Laodi) as the backfill; you can also choose the fat and black mud on the flat ground plus sawdust, or the soil plus rice husk, or sift out the sundries after beating the soybeans, and bag them under the sieve; those above the sieve are broken and reserved for use. When harvesting the potato, the rattan will be cut and dried in the sun, the feed machine will be broken, and then transported to the planting site and sand mixing. The ratio of sawdust to sandy soil is 3:1 (volume ratio); the ratio of leaves (semi-rotten crushing) to muddy soil is 415; the ratio of rice husk (or soya bean vine, the last ingredient of sweet potato vine) in Gaza is 2:1, covered with a layer of fine sand and covered with withered grass leaves.

In order to promote the growth and development of Armillaria mellea, one-time application of phosphate fertilizer, that is, 0.5%-1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution or a layer of calcium superphosphate powder, with a dosage of 20m / kg per kiln, weighing samples, ready to be released. Discharge of bacterial sticks: first remove the 5-6cm deep mixed soil at the bottom of the pit, and then sprinkle a layer of semi-rotten broad-leaved leaves (not too thick) to cover the soil. First, put 4 fungus materials along the hillside, the distance between the rods and the rods is 2-3cm, the middle of the two rods is close to the rods, the two growing points of the two ends are outward, the transverse head of the rods are put 2 flax seeds, put the back cover to mix the soil to the rod flat, and so put a layer of bacterial sticks and hemp seeds, fill the gap with soil. When swinging, the upper and lower rods should be staggered, the first layer should be placed, and then the 5cm mixed soil should be placed, and then the second layer of bacterial sticks and hemp seeds should be placed. Put a layer of leaves on top, and finally cover the soil with 7-10cm and horizon. The cultivation method of adding firewood with bacterial sticks: it can not only establish a symbiotic relationship between Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea, but also provide rich nutrition for Armillaria mellea. During cultivation, the flax seeds should be placed close to the sticks and filled with leaves. Bacterial bed cultivation method: dig a good cellar when the farm is idle from May to June, so add fungal branches and new sticks. When planting, dig up the bacteria bed, first dig out the upper layer bacteria, do not move the lower layer stick, just shovel a small hole in the middle of the lower layer rod, put it into the seed hemp, and then put the upper layer rod in the same place (don't mess up the original stick) put the seed hemp by the tight bacteria stick, sprinkle 20g calcium superphosphate, fill the void soil and cover the soil with the level of the ground, this method has the advantages of fast inoculation, high inoculation rate and high yield.

Three-pronged cultivation method: using artificially cultivated pure Armillaria mellea and aseptic fresh stick, seed hemp went to the cellar at the same time, generally using 9 bottles per square meter of bacteria, seed hemp 1.5kg. (3 cellars per square meter).

(2) the cultivated flax was put into the cellar from October to November, and the grass was hoed once from April to May next year to prevent human and animal trampling. Drought prevention: Gastrodia elata has just developed and grown in spring and needs less water. June-August is its peak growth period. Attention should be paid to watering to protect buds in case of drought, young buds can not adapt to adversity, otherwise they are easy to dry up and die. The watering method can be used to dig a small piece of water gently with a hoe at the upper end of the cellar, and then water it into it and return to its original state after watering. Flat land can be watered and infiltrated around the cellar. At the same time, build a frame, plant melons and fruits, and let the branches shade the sun. Waterlogging prevention: dig drainage ditches. Anti-freezing: cover weeds or thick leaves.

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests (1) mole cricket: local name Lara Oratosquilla. It can dig vertical and horizontal tunnels under the surface soil layer of Gastrodia elata cellar and eat Gastrodia elata tubers. You can use 50% chlordane 0.5kg, wheat bran (fried incense) 25kg, mixed with water 7.5kg, then disperse the surface of Gastrodia elata cellar as poison bait in the evening. (2) grub: the local name Bombyx mori (beetle), eating Gastrodia elata in the cellar to make it hollow. Trichlorfon can be crushed and honey can be placed on the plate to trap and kill. You can also put poisonous potatoes: the practice is to cut sweet potatoes into matchboxes, soak them in 0.2% concentration of 20% dimethoate, stir them for 12-14 hours, soak them for 10 hours, fish them out and dry them, and put 3 pieces in each cellar. If the medicine period is 7 days and cannot be killed once, put them several times more, and you can cut more sweet potatoes to dry. Strictly prevent children from accidentally eating in the sun and when hiding. (3) the harm of ants: it can be killed with Yijing medicine. At the same time, meat skin, meat, chicken and fish bones can be used to bury people near Gastrodia elata, which is harmful to ants. After two days, they will be killed with hot water when the ants gather. You can lift the pot to build a temporary stove and pour it with hot water. Aphids during flowering can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsion 0.05% solution. (4) rodent damage: killed with highly toxic rat poison. 4 harvest and processing of Gastrodia elata: harvest from October to November. First dig out the bacteria, take out arrow hemp, white hemp and rice hemp, handle it gently, and ship it by stages to avoid man-made mechanical damage and prevent rotten flax after planting. Grading: grading as soon as you collect the time. More than 3 taels (each two = 50g) is first class, 1.5ml 3 two is second class, and those below 1.5 taels and dug up can only be regarded as third class. Clean the soil: rinse the graded Gastrodia elata with water, do not rub to the mud, and gently wipe the mud with your hands. Wash on the same day, process on the same day, don't wash if you don't have time for processing. Skin creation: the processed Gastrodia elata after skin creation is called Xuema. Now it has a large amount of artificial cultivation and does not create skin except for export. Cooking: after boiling, boil the different grades of Gastrodia elata, put a small amount of Mingfan, 5kg Gastrodia elata plus 2 taels. 3 boil more than 10-15 mins, 2 talk, 3 doubles, 7-10 mins, 7-10 mins, 5-8min, and so on, boil about 4min, in short, the heart is over-boiled (you can't see the black heart from the dark to the bright). Drying: do not use excessive firepower when drying. The temperature on the pit should start at 50 ℃. When baking to 70% dry, the big ones are flattened with their hands, and the small ones are not pressed, and then baked. At this time, the temperature should be 70 ℃, or it can be dried in the sun. After it is fully dried, it can be graded and packed, and then it can be sold.