Artificial cultivation and processing techniques of Polyporus umbellatus

Polyporus umbellatus is a kind of medicinal fungi, belonging to the family Polyporaceae. Polyporus umbellatus has the functions of moisture infiltration, phlegm elimination and detoxification. It has always been a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. Recently, it has been found to have anticancer effect.

Polyporus umbellatus is distributed in most areas of China, parasitizing on the roots of maple, birch, oak, maple, poplar and other arbor and shrub trees. Sclerotinia is perennial and grows underground. The age of Polyporus umbellatus can be judged from the color of sclerotium epidermis: generally, it is black-brown for more than 3 years; gray-yellow for 2-3 years; and clear white for the new year.

With the decrease of wild resources and the continuous increase of demand, the gap between supply and demand is increasing year by year, and Polyporus umbellatus will become a bright variety of Chinese medicinal materials with good prospects. The artificial cultivation and processing technology of Polyporus umbellatus are introduced as follows:

1. Requirements for the environment Polyporus umbellatus is suitable for growing on a sunny slope with loose and humid 20℃-50℃, sensitive to temperature changes, and stops growing when the temperature is below 8℃ and above 25℃, and enters a dormant state. The most suitable temperature for growth period is 15℃-24℃. Cultivation of Polyporus umbellatus should be selected PH value 5-6.7 or near neutral sandy loam or loess, especially humus loam is appropriate. Polyporus can not autotrophy, nor can it directly parasitize trees, but must rely on ring bacteria to provide nutrients. Polyporus umbellatus has low requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and generally does not need fertilization after planting.

II. Cultivation methods

1. Cultivation of fungus material: Armillaria mellea is the nutrient source for the growth of Polyporus umbellatus. Before cultivating Polyporus umbellatus, we should cultivate the fungus branches, fungus sticks and fungus beds of Armillaria mellea.

(1) branch culture: selecting branches of companion trees with diameter of 1cm-2cm from March to August, cutting them into small sections with length of 6cm-10cm, soaking them in 0.25% ammonium nitrate solution for about 10 minutes, and reserving them. Dig a pit with length, width and depth of 60cm × 60em × 30cm respectively, spread a thin layer of leaves at the bottom of the pit, closely spread two layers of soaked branch sections in the pit, closely place roots or fungi materials with armillaritin on the top, cover a thin layer of soil, then put two layers of branch sections, repeatedly place 6 - 7 layers in this way, finally cover the uppermost layer with soil with thickness of 5cm-6cm, and cover with leaves for protection and cultivation for 40 days.

(2) bacterial stick culture: sawing selected broad-leaved tree branches (preferably Fagaceae plants) with diameters of 6cm-12cm into a section with lengths of 40cm-80cm, cutting the wood section to a small opening of xylem at intervals of 10cm-15cm, and inoculating Armillaria mellea strains at the small opening. The inoculated wood sections are erected into well-shaped frames and cultured at about 15 DEG C for 2-3 months. According to the culture method of bacterial branches, the logs can be placed at the bottom of the pit, 100 - 200 logs can be tiled closely on each layer, 2-3 branches of Armillaria mellea can be added between the two layers of logs, and the gap can be filled with soil. A total of 4-5 layers are laid, and the uppermost layer is covered with soil 10cm thick.

③ Culture of bacterial bed: Generally carried out from June to August or October to March of the following year. Dig a pit with depth of 30cm and square of 60cm, lay a layer of leaves at the bottom of the pit, put 3 - 5 fresh associated trees at intervals of 2 cm-3 cm, put 2 - 3 fungus branches, cover with thin layer of sand, and cover with soil 10cm thick.

2. Sclerotium cultivation

(1) preparation of strain: after polyporus umbellatus is collected in summer, the fruit bodies of polyporus umbellatus are dried immediately (smoking, insolation or rain are avoided) and kneaded into powder to obtain the spore strain. Also optional small, tumor-shaped, uneven surface of the Polyporus direct seed.

(2) Cultivation of strains: in April to May and November, the fertile and mature soil that is moist but not ponding is first ploughed, humus soil is added, raking is leveled, and holes are dug 30cm-50cm deep. The burrow must have the roots of associated trees or put 3 cultivated fungi materials, connect sclerotia to the places where the fungi of A. mellea are abundant, and fill the gaps with leaves, and then repeatedly place the fungi materials and sclerotia layer by layer according to the above method. A layer of Polyporus species can also be directly placed on the bottom layer of fungi, and finally covered with humus or sand. The cultivated fungus bed can also be dug up, the upper layers of fungus rods are taken out, the polyporus sclerotium is directly spread on the bottom layer of fungus rods, the gap is filled with leaves, then the fungus rods and polyporus sclerotium are placed according to the above method, and finally the top layer is covered with soil 30cm thick.

3. After field management and cultivation, pay attention to keeping the soil moist in the cultivation area, irrigate in time in dry season, pay attention to drainage prevention in rainy season, and strictly prevent human and livestock trampling.

4. Harvest and processing 1. Harvest: generally 2 years after planting. The picking season is April to May or September to October, and the gray brown sclerotia with soft nucleus is selected as seed. 2. Processing; dug out of the Polyporus to brush clean sand when impurities, can not be washed. Dry or dry in the sun and store in a ventilated place. 3. Grade standard: Class A: large Ling block, black surface, solid texture, white meat; Class B: small Ling block, gray epidermis, Ling body rotten broken, wrinkled not solid, brown meat.