Standardized cultivation of traditional Chinese Medicine Gentiana

Gentian, a traditional Chinese medicine, is a perennial herb, which mainly treats damp-heat anthrax, acute infectious hepatitis, cholecystitis, liver fire headache, eclampsia mania and other diseases. In recent years, production has declined, market demand is booming, supply exceeds demand, and prices have risen year by year, from 30 yuan to 40 yuan per kilogram. Every 667m2 produces 200,000,350 kg of dry products, calculated at the current purchase price of 26,000,000 yuan, with an output value of 5000,7,000 yuan per 6677,000 square meters. the average annual income is more than 2000 yuan, which is about 10 times that of ordinary grain crops, which is a good variety for farmers to shake off poverty and become rich.

1. Growing environment

Strong adaptability, hillside, grassland, woodland, wasteland can, like sufficient sunshine, more humid climate, can survive the winter. Mainly distributed in the four provinces of Northeast China, North China, East China, South China and other places.

two。 Planting technology

Choose the site for ①. Select sunny, thick soil layer, drought resistance and moisture conservation, good drainage and fertile sandy soil.

② soil preparation: turn 30cm to 40cm deep, flatten and rake fine, apply compost or barnyard manure about 2000 kg per 667m2 to make a flat border bed with a width of 60cm to 90cm, the border length depends on the ground, the ridge width of 20cm is better, and it can also be cultivated in a large ridge of 70cm.

③ sowing: from April to May or September. The sowing rate is 3 to 4 grams per square meter. Methods: pat the seedling bed as flat as possible, pour the border bed with water, and sow seeds after the water seeps down. Mix the seeds with 10-20 times fine sand, mix well, gently beat with a 40-mesh sieve, evenly sow on the border surface, then cover about 1 mm of fine soil, and cover the bed frame with a film to increase and maintain temperature and humidity.

④ seedling management: after sowing, it is mainly the control of temperature, humidity and light. The optimum temperature for seed germination and seedling growth is 20-25 ℃, the growth is slow below 15 ℃, and the bed temperature above 30 ℃ is disadvantageous to seedling growth. The use of ventilation and shade curtain and other methods to control temperature and light, to prevent direct light, soil water content should be about 40%, seed germination and seedling stage must not vigorously irrigate and drop Rain Water, use the method of moistening ditch to replenish water, to prevent lodging and death. When the seedlings grow two pairs of real leaves, we should remove the cover, strengthen the training of the seedlings, and cover the shade when the light is strong.

3. Transplanting method

Autumn is planted from September to October and spring is planted from April to May. The transplanting seedlings should be 3-year-old, and the seedlings with strong, disease-free and root-free roots should be planted according to the row spacing of 20 cm and 15 cm. Planting method: first start on one side of the border, dig a slope-shaped transplanting groove, the ditch depth depends on the length of the seed root, apply 25kg calcium superphosphate per 667 square meters, and cover the soil thickness with a bud base of 3cm.

4. Field management

① weeding: pull weeds for the first time when the seedlings are about 5 cm high, and then once a month.

② irrigation: timely watering during drought, mainly border ditch or bed infiltration irrigation, avoid heavy irrigation.

③ drainage: even rainy days or torrential rain, border bed water can be dug drainage ditch timely removal.

④ autumn tube: if there is no seed, pick the buds in August when the buds are formed to increase the weight of the roots; after the plant withered at the end of autumn, remove the residual stems and cover the border with 2 cm thick circle dung or fine soil to protect the overwintering buds safely through the winter.

Seed retention of ⑤: seed collection of robust plants for more than 3 years. The fruit is a capsule, valved, with 2000-4000 seeds per fruit. When harvesting, the plants are cut off and bundled into small handfuls and placed indoors to ripen the seeds. After half a month, the handfuls are inverted, the seeds are gently tapped, and the seeds are selected twice with 40-mesh sieve and 60-mesh sieve. Put the seeds in a cloth bag and place them in a dry and ventilated place for use or sale.

5. Pest control

① spot blight is the main disease of gentian, causing serious damage. The disease began in June and was more serious from July to August. Prevention and treatment methods: starting from late May, spray Jinggangmycin water 50 mg / kg, once every 10 days, 3 times continuously, or spray with methyl topiramate 600 times or Shuangxiaoling 300 times, once every 7 to 10 days, 3 times continuously. Remove and burn diseased branches and leaves to reduce the source of overwintering disease.

② brown spot disease occurred in June and was serious from July to August. The control methods were the same as above.

③ flower bud fly: the larva harms the flower bud. Before the flower bud opens, the larva eats the pistil, stamen and other flower organs, so that the injured flower can not bear fruit. Control method: can be sprayed with omethoate.

④ underground pests: there are mainly grubs, mole crickets, golden needle insects and other harmful roots, can be used in soil preparation, border or ridging with 1000 times zinc parathion toxic soil, or with 1000 times zinc parathion solution spray disinfection.

6. Harvesting and processing

① harvest: it can be harvested in both spring and autumn. The 3-year-old plant has high yield and good quality. Do not hurt the rhizome when harvesting, remove the above-ground plants, dig the underground roots, remove the soil.

② processing: wash and dry the roots in the sun or in the shade. When dry to 70%, the roots will be straight, tied into a handle, and then dry in the shade or in the sun until completely dry, but it is better to dry in the shade.

7. Storage and storage

Put the processed commercial medicine in a cloth bag and put it in a ventilated and dry place, paying attention to moisture-proof, moth-proof, oil-proof, smoke pollution and so on.