Seed treatment and cultivation techniques of Bupleurum

1 seed treatment method

1.1 selecting plants and leaving seeds

In the growth stage of Bupleurum, there are differences in field microclimate and the resistance of individual plants to diseases and insect pests, and some weak seedlings and harmful plants will appear. When selecting seeds, choose bupleurum plants with strong growth, no diseases and insect pests and 2-year-old Bupleurum. The selected plants of Bupleurum chinense do not pick bolts, and all the plants that do not leave seeds are removed. The selected seeds and plants were partial to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in field management. During the flowering stage, potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spray can be applied with a concentration of 0.2% Muth0.3%, once every 5 days, for 2 consecutive times. It can promote the development of fruit and full grain. 9Mel-when the fruit changes from cyan to brown in November, the upper part of the seed, together with the branches, is taken back, ventilated and dried, and then shredded and dried. The full and mature seeds are selected by the wind and stored in a closed jar and jar.

1.2 seed treatment methods

Bupleurum seed life is short, sowing and application of new seeds, the germination rate of aging seeds every other year is very low. The seed treatment mainly includes drug treatment, hormone treatment, warm water sand reservoir treatment and ray treatment. Limited by rural conditions, the first three methods are mostly used to treat Bupleurum, which can increase the germination rate of Bupleurum seeds by 12.6% Murray 15.4%.

Medicament treatment: soaking 10--15min seeds with 0.8% Murray 1.0% potassium permanganate solution can increase the seedling emergence rate by 15.4%.

Hormone treatment: soaking seeds with 0.5x10 (negative 6th power)-1.0x10 (negative 6th power) cytokinins (6murmur8A) for 1 day, taking out seeds and rinsing them with water before sowing, the seed emergence rate could be increased by 12.6%. Treatment of warm water sand storage: soak the seeds in warm water of 35 ℃ and 40 ℃ for 1 day, remove the shrunken seeds floating on the water, mix 1 seed with 3 parts of wet sand at the temperature of 25 ℃, and sow a part of the seeds after 12 days to ensure a sufficient number of seedlings.

2 High-yield cultivation techniques in the field

2.1 Land selection and preparation

The planting land should choose loam and sandy loam or gentle slope with deep, loose and fertile soil and good drainage at 1100m above sea level. Ploughing and harrowing should be carried out many times before planting to make the soil fine, soft and smooth, apply rotten barnyard manure 30,000 kg/ ha, rake flat into the soil, the width of the surface is 120--130cm, the depth of the ditch is 25cm, the width of the ditch is 30cm, and the high border is ready for sowing.

2.2 trenching and sowing

Before sowing, the row of 20cm was transversely opened into a row of deep trench on the border surface of the prepared land, and then sown or strip sowed according to the distance between 15cm holes. There were two sowing methods: direct seeding and seedling cultivation (transplanting). Because of the drought in spring in Qinba Mountain area, seedling transplanting is not easy to survive, so it is better to use direct seeding method. Live broadcast of Bupleurum can be held in both spring and autumn. Spring sowing was carried out from early April to early May, and autumn sowing was carried out after the seeds were harvested, ripened and dried, followed by direct seeding until the soil was frozen in early November.

2.3 Seedling weeding

Seedlings emerged 15 days after sowing in the direct seeding field of Bupleurum. After emergence, when the seedlings reached 4--5cm, the seedlings were planted for the first time, weeded by intertillage, and overdense seedlings and weak diseased seedlings were dropped between them. When the seedling height reaches 8--10cm, the suitable number of seedlings is 675000-825000 plants per hectare. This density range is the ideal density for high yield. The fixed seedlings should keep 2 strong seedlings per 10cm and 3 strong seedlings per hole sown. If there is a deficiency in the field, the plants should also be replanted at this time, and the seedlings should be watered in time. After the plant is closed, the middle tillage will no longer be carried out, and only the weeds will be pulled out by hand so as not to hurt the roots and reduce the yield. Chemical herbicides are not generally used to weed.

2.4 fertilization

In addition to applying sufficient mature farm base fertilizer during sowing, Bupleurum should be fertilized many times during the 2-year growth period. The first seedling fertilizer combined with weeding during the first interseedling, applied 22500 kg/ ha of mature dilute human and animal manure water, and the second seedling application combined with mid-ploughing and weeding at the fixed seedling stage, applying 30 000 kg/ ha of mature dilute human and animal manure water. When the third topdressing was in Miaogao 30 40cm, combined with intertillage and weeding, rapeseed cake (other cake fertilizers) 750--900kg/ ha and light human and animal manure water 22500 kg/ ha were applied twice in the second year with diammonium phosphate 150--225kg/ ha each time; or calcium superphosphate solution was used as extra-root topdressing; 0.2% KH2PO4 solution was also used for foliar spraying 2 murine for 3 times. Applying potassium fertilizer alone can be foliar sprayed with organic potassium fertilizer produced by Shaanxi Yangling Juchuan Fuwan potassium Co., Ltd., each time 3kg/ is applied. The above fertilization schemes can be used alternately and can promote the rapid expansion of the root.

2.5 drainage of moisture

Bupleurum likes to grow in a humid environment, but it is most afraid of water impregnation. The border ditch should be cleared in time before the rainy season to ensure smooth drainage and reduce the occurrence of field diseases.

2.6 removing evil and picking bolts

After many times of fine management, the aboveground part of Bupleurum grows vigorously, half of the annual plants can bolting and flowering, all the biennial plants can bolting and flowering, the flowering period is from early August to early October, and the flowering period is as long as 40 clothes for 50 days. Flowering consumes a lot of nutrients in the plant, thus affecting the nutrient accumulation in the roots, which is not conducive to high yield. The timely removal of tillers and new flower buds can promote the accumulation and expansion of plant root nutrition.

2.7 strengthen pest control

In the prevention and control of Bupleurum diseases and insect pests, we should follow the prevention and control methods of not applying heavy metal pesticides and high toxic and high residue pesticides, giving priority to agricultural measures, and adopting biological pesticides or high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides. Its diseases and insect pests and control methods are as follows: root-knot nematode disease: a virus caused by root-knot nematode parasitic in the root of Bupleurum. Control method: 15 days before soil preparation and sowing, soil disinfection was carried out with 80% dibromochloropropane EC 100 Mel 150 times diluted with water. Root rot: root rot often occurs in the hot and rainy season. The main prevention and control methods are as follows: strengthen drainage in the rainy season, reduce stagnant water in the ground, reduce waterlogging, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to increase disease resistance, soak the roots of 5min with 1000 times of topiramate after removal, take out sun drying, and spread quicklime at the disease hole to prevent spread. Underground pests (ground tigers, grubs): prevent the use of fully mature farm fertilizer, trap and kill adults with light; during the occurrence period, use 1000 times liquid of trichlorfon to irrigate or stir-fry wheat bran with trichlorfon, and vegetable cakes trap and kill larvae. A small amount occurs for manual capture.

Aphids and yellow butterflies: the first way to control aphids is to increase the altitude of planting Bupleurum. Generally, aphids occur in areas with an altitude of 900mi 1000m, but rarely in areas above 1200m above sea level; second, when aphids occur in large numbers from June to August every year, biological agents or low residue pesticides are used to control aphids. Artificial killing of larvae was used to control the yellow butterfly. Spraying with 300-fold liquid of biological pesticide cyanobacteria can achieve good results when the number of bacteria is large.