Artificial High-yield cultivation techniques of Pueraria lobata

Pueraria lobata, also known as Pueraria lobata, kudzu vine, is a leguminous plant Pueraria. Pueraria lobata is rich in starch and isoflavones, as well as more than ten kinds of essential trace elements such as calcium, selenium, iron, copper, phosphorus and potassium, which have the functions of "breaking grain without hunger, relieving surface fever, relieving thirst, appetizer, treating hemorrhoids and preventing cancer". It is an emerging green health longevity food and tight-selling products for export. Kudzu root is covered with treasures, stem bark fiber can be twisted rope, woven kudzu, can also be used as raw materials for papermaking. Leaves are excellent green fodder, which can be fed to pigs and rabbits. Pueraria lobata can be used as the cultivation base of edible fungi. Tubers are rich in starch and can be processed into health food and can also be used to make kudzu wine. Kudzu flower can be made into kudzu tea, which has a magical effect on relieving alcohol and inhibiting a variety of postpartum diseases of women, as well as breast enhancement and cosmetic effect. The benefit of artificial cultivation of Pueraria lobata is remarkable, and the benefit can be produced in 1-2 years. At present, the market price of kudzu flour is about 20, 000 yuan ton, and the export price is about 30, 000 yuan. The fine varieties of Pueraria lobata can produce 1500 kg of starch per mu, and the output value is about 30, 000 yuan. As the development of Pueraria lobata has a good prospect, artificial cultivation and utilization has gradually attracted people's attention. The methods of artificial open-air cultivation are introduced as follows:

I. selection of improved varieties

The purpose of planting Pueraria lobata is to obtain better economic benefits, so when selecting improved varieties, we should select high-yield and fast-growing Pueraria lobata seedlings, such as high-yield and fast-growing Pueraria lobata 119, woody Pueraria lobata, Gange No. 3, Song's Pueraria lobata and so on. It must not be a local variety of Pueraria lobata and crude fiber, otherwise it will result in low efficiency.

Second, raising seedlings with plastic film

1. Preparation of nutritious nursery bed: choose leeward to the sun, sandy soil, mountain or garden land where there is no harm to livestock and poultry as seedbed. The seedling bed is 15-20 cm high, 60-100 cm wide and unlimited in length. Apply 1.5-2.5 kg of rotten stable manure or soil fertilizer per square meter. Turn deeply and rake flat, the seedbed is slightly raised in the middle, and the width of the ditch on both sides is 20-30 cm.

2. Planting operation: (1) the seedbed should be fully moist before planting; (2) the selected fine varieties of kudzu vine should be taken as a seed, and the bud nodes will be cut to grow 6-10 cm segments, scattered on the whole seedbed, and covered with fine soil 2-3 mm thick in principle to avoid overlap, then sprinkle some mature stable fertilizer, and then cover a layer of rice straw. (3) use about 2 meters of bamboo or small bamboo strips to form an arch on the seedbed and insert one every 35 centimeters. Cover the agricultural film, fully cover the nursery bed into an arch, and compact it with soil around.

3. Nursery bed management: (1) moisture: due to the low temperature during the seedling period, the water consumption of seed strips is small, so it can be watered once if the ridge surface is dry in about 10 days. When planting roots and shoots, the moisture content should be increased appropriately, and water should be irrigated every 3 days or so to keep the seedbed fully moist. (2) temperature: the seedbed temperature should be about 20 ℃. When the temperature reaches more than 30 ℃, the film should be ventilated or water sprayed to balance the temperature; (3) shading: when the seed ear sprouts, the covered straw should be opened to avoid direct sunlight, and sunny days should be properly shaded at noon to prevent burns; (4) Seedling: growing twigs of seed ear, spreading leaves 3 pieces, 5 cm in length can be carried out with soil to rise seedlings, seedling action should be light, so as to avoid injury.

III. Land selection and land preparation

1. Site selection: artificial cultivation of Pueraria lobata, in order to obtain high yield, we must first select a good site. First, sweet potato and soybean fields can be used for replanting. The second is to choose sandy loam with thick soil layer and good drainage.

2. Soil preparation and ridging: soil preparation begins in mid-February. 500 kg of barnyard manure, 500 kg of kitchen ash, 50 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer or 200 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu before soil preparation. In soil preparation, like sweet potato ridges, the ridge is 60-70% high, and the length of the ridge is determined by the convenience of land operation.

IV. Reasonable close planting

From the end of February to the middle of March, transplant in cloudy and windy weather, and the seedbed should be watered thoroughly before transplanting in order to bring soil to seedling. Plant 500-700 plants per mu with a distance of about one meter. Before planting the seedlings, first put the seedlings on the ridge according to the plant spacing, then dig small holes, put the seedlings in the human hole, cover 2 cm fine soil, and compact the soil with both hands.

V. strengthening management

1. Seedling replenishment and fertilization: after transplanting, the seedlings can be properly rooted with diluted human and animal manure water, and pay attention to inspection, dead seedlings are found to be replanted in time. When the seedling grows to about 30 cm, it must be bent twice. It can be sprayed with 0.3%-0.5% urea water, once every 15 days, and can be fertilized properly later.

2. Weeding and pest control in mid-ploughing: when kudzu vine grows to 1-2 meters, it should be ploughed and weeded. Although Pueraria lobata has strong resistance, it is hard to avoid some diseases and insect pests, especially in the key season of tuber growth from June to August, in order to keep the leaves exuberant, non-residual drug control or lime powder control should be carried out if necessary.

Harvest and seed kudzu root can be dug in the same year or in the second year. Generally, the starch content of mining is the highest from November to December. When mining, you can dig big and stay small, so that you can invest once and benefit for a long time. Pueraria lobata is mainly propagated asexually, and sturdy and pure plant vines can also be selected as seed strips for the second year, which can be made from 1.5 meters above the stem.