Planting method and field management of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum

Introduction to planting method and field management of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum: Hangzhou white chrysanthemum, also known as chamomile, white chrysanthemum, tea chrysanthemum, medicinal chrysanthemum, Xiaotang yellow, button chrysanthemum. Hangzhou white chrysanthemum has strong adaptability, but it grows best in loose, fertile and humid loam or sandy loam. Usually culture soil to keep moist, must not be too wet for a long time, resulting in rotten roots, affecting growth and development. Hangzhou white chrysanthemum is relatively cold-tolerant, not resistant to high temperature, and the suitable temperature for growth is 15 ℃ to 25 ℃. The flower bed cultivation in the open field can safely survive the winter above-5 ℃, low temperature for a long time below-5 ℃, leaves frozen, dry and yellow, and can still sprout leaves and bloom buds when the temperature rises.

Planting method of Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum

I. Variety selection

Select and popularize the late and early small chrysanthemum varieties with better growth and taste, compress the chrysanthemum and eliminate the dissimilar big white chrysanthemum with poor quality, so as to maintain the authentic quality of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum and improve the overall quality of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum. the fields used as seedling beds should be selected, purified and rejuvenated during the last growing period and flowering period, and miscellaneous plants should be removed.

Second, cultivate strong seedlings

The main results are as follows: 1. Seedling site selection: choose the fields with good soil fertility, high dryness, good growth of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum and less diseases and insect pests to keep seeds, and do a good job to remove weeds and survive the winter safely.

2. Cultivate strong seedlings: 200 kg of human feces and 100 kg of plant ash are applied to the seedbed after the beginning of spring, drainage ditches are opened around, and transplanting is selected, the growth rate is generally fast in spring, the degree of Lignification of the plant is low, and it is not easy to survive, so it is necessary to choose planting after rainy days or before rain to improve the survival rate.

3. Strong seedling selection: chrysanthemum seedlings with good growth, no diseases and insect pests, 12cm high, strong stem and developed root system were selected when transplanting.

III. Field management

1. Implement rotation: because the soil in the old area is relatively solid, rotation is generally carried out every two years, continuous cropping in situ, it is necessary to change the deep turning of the bed and avoid the continuous cropping of the original border; it is best to choose the rotation of flood and drought, which is helpful to reduce the disease.

2. Base fertilizer and field arrangement: the field should be ploughed once before planting, and base fertilizer should be applied combined with soil preparation. Depending on the field fertility, 1000-1500 kg organic fertilizer is applied per mu, the width of the border is 1.2m, the width of the ditch is 0.3m, and the border surface is tortoise back.

3. Planting time and density:

The planting time of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum is generally in the first and middle of April and no later than the first ten days of May at the latest. The planting density depends on the tillage system and planting period, and the number of seedlings per mu is generally between 3500 and 5000. The planting of late fields should appropriately increase the density, if there are intercrop, the intercrop must be harvested before mid-July.

Planting method: can use hole planting or open fixed planting ditch planting, the density is 1.2m × 20ml 30cm, 2 plants per hole, planting depth 10-15cm, planted in the middle of each row, hole application of phosphate fertilizer 50kg / mu; planting delay, plant is too large, planting can be appropriate oblique planting, after planting must be irrigated enough fixed root water, in case of drought must be watered to resist drought, to ensure the survival rate.

4. Planting pattern: mainly by flood-drought rotation and dry land intercropping, flood-drought rotation can reduce diseases and obtain high quality and high yield; Hangzhou white chrysanthemum has a growth period of 8 months and grows slowly in the early stage, and farmers are mainly intercropping. Mulberry (fruit) orchard intercropping, tobacco chrysanthemum intercropping, chrysanthemum bean intercropping (cowpea, soybean), chrysanthemum vegetable intercropping, etc., in order to improve the comprehensive economic benefits. Intercropping crops are generally cleaned up before the middle of July, and timely striping and fertilizer and water management to ensure the normal growth of chrysanthemum seedlings in the later stage, proper management has little effect on the yield and quality of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum.

5. Striping: Hangzhou white chrysanthemum striping is divided into two times, the first time is about one month after transplanting, when the seedling height is 30-50 cm, the Lignification degree of chrysanthemum seedlings is low, and the stem is soft and easy to spread evenly. Before pressing, weed and loosen the soil, loosen the soil, apply 1000 kg bio-organic fertilizer or sheep fence fertilizer on both sides of the chrysanthemum seedling line, press the branches to the ground on both sides and press the mud block every 10 cm or so to ensure that the branches are in full contact with the loose soil, which is beneficial to the rooting of chrysanthemum seedlings and the growth of nodal lateral branches. When the new side branch grows to about 20 cm, the second striping is carried out, and then the direction of the striping is pressed from the dense place to the sparse place, so that the growth of chrysanthemum seedlings tends to be balanced and ends by the end of July at the latest.

6. Coring (topping): chrysanthemum seedling coring can promote the growth balance between chrysanthemum seedling branches and chrysanthemum branches and prevent lodging. The time of coring is after pressing, and when the new plant is slightly longer than 10-15cm, the height of the new branch and the balance of the whole garden are taken into account, so that the lower branches and buds grow evenly and the florescence is neat. Production depends on the growth trend, which is generally divided into two times. At present, most farmers use one coring, which is carried out from June to August, so that the number of branches of chrysanthemum seedlings is about 120000 per mu. Coring must end at the end of August, too late affect the late growth of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum seedlings again weak branching, small buds, delayed flowering, and vulnerable to early frost.

IV. Fertilizer and water management

1. Prevention of flood and drought:

Hangzhou white chrysanthemum is a dryland crop, sensitive to water, afraid of waterlogging and drought, especially under the influence of spring rain and plum rain, such as stagnant water caused by poor ditches, it is easy to rett roots, premature senescence of basal leaves and even death of the whole plant. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in opening ditches for borders (especially low-lying fields) to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation, so as to improve ventilation conditions and reduce pathogenic bacteria infection; if there is a long-term drought in summer and autumn, chrysanthemum seedlings will lose water and atrophy, ditch irrigation should be done in time to resist drought and promote normal growth.

2. Rational fertilization:

The principle of fertilization in the field: heavy application of base fertilizer, light application of seedling fertilizer, topdressing branch fertilizer and heavy application of bud fertilizer. Organic fertilizer and farm manure were the main fertilizer in the early stage, and available fertilizer was the main fertilizer in the later stage. There are mainly the following fattening times:

(1) Base fertilizer: when Hangzhou white chrysanthemum is planted in combination with soil preparation and ploughing, it is applied or ditched with 1000 Mu of organic fertilizer of 1500 kg per mu. The main types of organic fertilizer are: human feces and urine, sheep pen fertilizer, duck manure, etc., and 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer.

(2) Live seedling fertilizer: after planting live trees, 50ml 100 kg of human feces and urine are used and poured with water to promote the growth of plants.

(3) striping fertilizer: before pressing, 1000 kg of sheep fertilizer per mu and 10 kg of urea were applied on both sides of the chrysanthemum seedling line, and the strip was covered with loose soil.

(4) Branch fertilizer: in August, 100 kg of human feces and 150 kg of urine were poured with water or 10 kg of compound fertilizer.

(5) Bud fertilizer: the budding stage of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum is in the first and middle of September, when it enters the peak growth period and reproductive growth period, and a large amount of fertilizer is needed. The application of urea or imported compound fertilizer 15Mel 20kg can make the flower buds increase, enlarge and blossom neatly. It can be applied twice according to the growth condition.