Planting and cultivation techniques of Pinellia ternata

I. Fertility characteristics

Pinellia ternata likes warm and humid, half-shaded and half-sunny environment, which is suitable for planting on loose and fertile sandy soil with a PH value of 5.6 ℃ and 6.4. Pinellia ternata is afraid of heat and cold, and the suitable temperature for growth is 15 ℃ 25 ℃, falling seedlings over 26 ℃ and withered seedlings below 13 ℃.

Pinellia ternata emerged three times a year, the first from late March to early April, the second in the first and middle of June, and the third in the first and middle of September. The initial stage of bulb germination is early April, the peak is in the middle of April, the mature period is from late April to early May, and each growth period is 50 Murray 60 days.

The propagation of Pinellia ternata includes tuber propagation, bulb propagation and seed propagation, but the germination rate of seed propagation is low and the growth period is longer. Tuber propagation is to use the small tuber remaining after screening commercial Pinellia ternata as seed, its advantage is that the growth cycle is short, it is generally planted in spring and can be harvested at the end of summer of that year. Bulbous propagation is the use of bulbous buds for seed, and its quantity is sufficient. Reliable germination and early heat formation are the main propagation methods for the development of Pinellia ternata production.

Second, cultivation techniques

(1) Land selection and land preparation

In view of the living habits of Pinellia ternata, which likes warmth, fertilizer, moisture, drought, waterlogging and high temperature, we should choose sandy loam soil with warm and humid, good drainage and irrigation conditions and loose and fertile sandy loam. Last winter, the soil should be deeply frozen to promote soil freeze-thaw and weathering. After the beginning of spring, the land was leveled, applying 3000 kg of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer per mu. 30 kg of superphosphate was used as base fertilizer, ploughed and raked, and made for border to be planted. In addition, continuous cropping should be avoided in Pinellia ternata cultivation. Generally speaking, after planting a season of Pinellia ternata, it is necessary to rotate other crops for at least three years before they can be replanted, otherwise it will lead to year-on-year yield reduction or even no harvest.

(2) sowing at the right time and reasonable close planting

Pinellia ternata can be sown in spring, summer and autumn. Sowing in summer and autumn, because the seed stem overwinters in the field, it is vulnerable to adverse climate and diseases and insect pests, and covers an area of more than half a year; therefore, field production generally adopts the way of spring sowing, which can not only avoid the adverse factors of the previous crop, but also adjust the planting area in time according to the dynamics of market demand in the same year. Spring sowing is generally carried out in the fields that have been ploughed and raked after the soil is thawed in early spring. The row spacing of each plant is about 3 cm, and the sowing depth is about 10.5 cm.

(3) rational application of fertilizers

Pinellia ternata likes fertilizer, so in addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, it is also necessary to apply fertilizer according to the seedlings to promote its healthy growth. After finishing the seedlings in the first and middle of April, 1000 kg of dilute dung water per mu can be applied to promote the early development of seedlings; around the end of May, when the globules are all formed and gradually expand and turn reddish brown, they are applied with 10 kg urea combined with soil per mu; after the seedlings are fallen in the middle of July, when new buds appear in Pinellia ternata and new roots grow again in mother Pinellia ternata, 1500 kg of dilute dung water is poured to promote the re-emergence of seedlings. During the whole seedling of Pinellia ternata in the first and middle of September, urea 10kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg and cake fertilizer 20kg per mu were mixed with soil and spread evenly on the surface to cultivate soil and promote grouting.

(4) timely irrigation and drainage and waterlogging reduction

Pinellia ternata likes to be wet, but it is afraid of waterlogging. Therefore, during its growth period, it is necessary not only to keep the soil moist, but also to avoid stagnant water. When the weather is dry, border irrigation should be carried out in time to meet the water needs of Pinellia ternata growth; in case of overcast and rainy weather, ditches should be opened in time to prevent waterlogging and waterlogging.

(5) Prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds

Pinellia ternata has small plants, underdeveloped roots, and relatively poor ability to compete with weeds for fertilizer and water, so it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed in time to prevent weeds from bullying seedlings. The main diseases of Pinellia ternata are leaf spot disease and virus disease. The prevention and treatment of leaf spot disease should be at the initial stage of the disease, spraying Bordeaux solution of 1 lug 1purl 120 or 500 times of Dysen zinc solution of 65%, once every 7 days, continuously spraying 2 Mel 3 times. To prevent and cure virus diseases, one is to carry out soil disinfection before sowing to thoroughly control insect pests; the second is to select disease-free mother plants to keep seeds; and the third is to remove diseased plants in time and concentrate on burning and burying. The main pests harmful to Pinellia ternata are red diamondback moth, which occurs in summer and harms leaves with larvae and bites into engraved or light-eating. The method of prevention and control can be sprayed with 800 times of 90% trichlorfon at an early age, or it can also be caught manually.

(6) cultivating soil and picking flowers

In order to conserve water and fertilizer and protect the bulbs exposed on the surface, the soil should be cultivated at the root of the plant twice. For the plants with no seeds, the buds should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption, increase tuber weight and increase yield.

(7) harvesting

When the aboveground parts wither after frost, most of the bulbs have matured, so they should be dug in time. If they are dug too early, some of the hot buds will affect the yield and quality; if dug too late, the underground tubers and buds begin to sprout and grow after a short dormant period, which will also affect the yield and quality. When picking and digging, it is appropriate to take the 2-3-year-old tuber root, cut the qualified large root from the rhizome, and the leftover part of the bud can be used as seed.