Planting technique of Sophora flavescens

Sophora flavescens, also known as Sophora japonica root, is a perennial semi-woody plant of Leguminosae, medicinal rhizome, which has the effect of clearing heat, dryness and dampness, diuresis, expelling wind and killing insects. It was originally wild in all parts of the country, with more production in Shanxi, Hubei, Henan, Hebei and Hebei provinces. Like warm and humid environment, cold-resistant, can survive the winter in the field. Ditch side, roadside, forest and wilderness can grow, and sandy or semi-sandy soil grows well. Because of its remarkable efficacy and no side effects, it is used more and more, while wild resources are being dug less and less. Sophora flavescens can be planted in spring and summer in the same way as beans. Use 2 kilograms of seeds per mu for dry sowing, or soak the seeds for 10-12 hours before planting, and then sow them with sand for 1-2 days, resulting in fast and neat seedling emergence. The plant is about one meter high, the stem is erect, and there are no diseases and insect pests. In the first year, the rhizome is relatively small, and in the second spring, it is necessary to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or organic fertilizer to make the roots developed. Sophora flavescens is harvested for 2-3 years. At the end of autumn or early spring, the stems and leaves are removed and the roots are dug out to dry. The current market price is 15-18 yuan / kg. It can be planted in spring, summer and autumn, which is very suitable for planting in Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei and other mountainous areas.

The variety is mainly distributed in Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Gansu, Shanxi, Shaanxi, mostly wild goods. Sophora flavescens is mainly distributed in Yuzhong, Gansu, Lushi, Henan and Luonan, Shaanxi. Due to less and less wild resources, coupled with the increase in labor costs, the number of commercial Sophora flavescens is very limited. However, the family started relatively late and has not yet formed a commodity supply. Affected by many factors, the market price of Sophora flavescens is rising year by year. According to the survey, the prices of most medicinal materials have risen this year, and Sophora flavescens is no exception. Now Shangluo producing area Sophora flavescens fresh purchase price of 3 yuan kg, more buyers. The author believes that the price increase of Sophora flavescens has just begun, and there will be an extraordinary performance in the future.

At the end of May and the first ten days of June in Hebei, Sophora flavescens is in production, and more merchants come to buy goods, but farmers are not active in harvesting. The amount of excavation this year is still not much, and now the fresh goods are about 3 yuan jin. Most of them are purchased for local prepared slices processors. This strain has wild resources, but there are not many species in the family, and the future market is good.

Sophora flavescens is a perennial herb of Leguminosae, which is used in medicine with dry roots and rhizomes, alias Sophora japonica, Sophora pseudoacacia and bitter bone, with the effects of heat-clearing and detoxification, detumescence and pain, insecticidal, diuresis, stomach-strengthening and defecation. It is often used to treat diseases such as sore throat and skin pruritus. It is a good insecticide in agricultural production and the raw material for the development of biological pesticides. The main chemical constituents are matrine and oxymatrine.

[growth habits] are mostly born on hillsides, grasslands, plains, hills and beaches. The requirement of soil is not very strict, and all types of soil can grow well. The root system is developed, the requirement for water is not very high, and the requirement for light is not strict, and the intensity of light has little effect on its growth, but the plants grow in the soil with moist, fertile, deep and strong natural fertility.

The plant is more than 150 cm tall, the upper part is much branched. The main root is stout, cylindrical and bitter. Petals yellow or yellow-white. Pods cylindric, seeds brownish yellow or brown, indehiscent after maturity. The flowering period is from June to July and the fruit ripening stage is from September to October. The withering period is in the first ten days of October, with an annual growth rate of 150 days and 160 days.

The weight of 1000 seeds is about 50 grams, the storage life under natural conditions is 3 years, and the suitable germination temperature is 1530 ℃. The germination rate of untreated seeds was not high, and the germination rate of 30 ℃ after 5 days was only 20%. In production, the seeds must be mechanically treated before they can be sown.

[sowing method]

(1) soil selection and soil preparation: Sophora flavescens is a deep-rooted plant. It is better to choose sandy loam and clayey loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. Apply compound fertilizer, ploughing 20ml 25cm, fine and leveling, and open the border 1.5 meters wide.

(2) sowing time

Spring sowing or autumn sowing is fine. It is necessary to cover after autumn sowing, otherwise the soil surface is easy to harden, which is not conducive to spring emergence. Autumn sowing should be early and not late. Seeds can be sowed after maturity and finished before soil thawing at the latest. Spring sowing should be planted before and after the Qingming Festival, when the soil moisture is better, which is conducive to seedling emergence.

(3) sowing

Strip broadcast or hole broadcast. From the point of view of field management, hole sowing is better. Some seedlings are used for transplanting, but transplanting is more tedious. First repeatedly rake the bed, according to the row spacing of 40-50 cm, plant spacing of 30 cm to dig holes, hole depth of about 3 cm, each hole sowing 6-8 grains, covering flat, slightly suppressed. The sowing rate is 2 kg per mu. The row spacing of strip sowing is 30 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm, and the seed is 4 kg per mu.

[field management]

Under normal conditions, seedlings emerged about 7 days after sowing. As weeds grow fast, they should be removed in time and loosen the soil properly. Root topdressing was carried out in the first ten days of May, mainly nitrogen fertilizer to promote the early vegetative growth of seedlings, and one more topdressing in early July, mainly phosphorus and potassium, to strengthen rejuvenation, promote the accumulation of root nutrients and the differentiation of overwintering buds, and cultivate the soil once in the middle and late August to promote the formation and protection of overwintering buds. Ploughing for 4 to 5 times. Drought is easy to occur in spring in the northern region, so it should be irrigated in time to ensure the normal growth of seedlings. Because the seed coat is not easy to absorb water without treatment and the seed covered with soil is too deep during sowing, there is a phenomenon of emergence in the second or even the third year.

In the same year, the plant height can grow to about 60-70 cm and basically does not bloom. After the plant withered in autumn, the withered branches will be cleaned up and covered with rotten animal dung, one is to protect the overwintering buds, and the other is to play a role of topdressing the growth of the second year.

Before harvest, the management work of the previous year was repeated every year, and the inflorescence was removed for topping to ensure the accumulation of nutrients in the roots, so as to obtain high-quality and high-quality Chinese herbal medicines.

[harvesting and processing] Sophora flavescens is used in medicine as root. After planting for 2 or 3 years, it was dug in spring and autumn, and it was better for those who were picked in autumn. After digging out the root, remove the root head and fibrous root, wash the sediment and dry it. Fresh root slices are sun-dried, which are called Sophora flavescens tablets.

General yield per mu is 500-700 kg.