New planting technology and disease control of lily

Cultivation techniques

(1) Land selection and preparation

Lily avoid continuous cropping, afraid of stagnant water, should choose fertile and deep sandy loam. Crop rotation should be carried out for 3 to 4 years in the old producing areas. The land should be turned 30 cm deep, the base fertilizer should be rotten, 2500-3000 kg of barnyard manure per mu, 100-150 kg of retting cake fertilizer, 20-30 kg of superphosphate, raked into the soil, leveled as a border, and the border width (continuous ditch) 2 meters.

(2) cultivating seed balls

Lily seeds are only used for breeding and are sown with bulbs in production. Bulbs are cultivated with bulbs, bulbs, scales and so on.

The main results are as follows: 1. the bulbs cultivated with bulbs were harvested when the bulbs matured in summer and sowed in the seedling bed from September to October of that year. If you want to be loose and fertile on the bed, first open a shallow planting ditch on the nursery bed, the distance between the ditches is 12-15 cm, and each 4-6 cm apart in the ditch sows a bead, rake flat and cover the grass. When the seedlings emerged in the next year, the grass mulching was removed and fertilized several times. After the leaves of the plant withered in autumn, the bulbs were dug up. After a whole year of cultivation, the bead bud has grown into a small bulb with a diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm. Then set up another seedling bed to sow, row spacing 33 cm, plant spacing 10 cm 14 cm, cover soil 6 cm. After the emergence of seedlings in the third year, the management of fertilizer and water, weeding and soil cultivation should be strengthened, and the smaller ones can be cultivated for another year when they are dug up in autumn.

2. The varieties of seed bulbs produced by seed bulbs are cultivated with seed bulbs, and the seed bulbs can be collected from the soil and graded according to their size. If the diameter of the bulb is 5 cm and the weight is more than 20 grams, it can be directly used as the bulb. If the bulb is not up to the standard, the bulb can be cultured according to the method of bulb cultivation.

3. Cultivate the bulb with scales to harvest the fully mature bulb in autumn, and use the square, hypertrophy and disease-free bulb as the mother ball, and then cut off the scale from the base with a sharp knife. Then select large scales and then insert them into the seedbed of sandy loam. When inserting, the base is downward, and the distance between the scales is 3 cm. After all the scales are inserted, they are covered with fine sand, 4 cm to 5 cm thick. Water properly when dry, but too wet bed sand will cause scales to rot. Keep about 20 °C on the bed. In the south, small bulbs with large rice grains can be formed in the winter of the same year, and 1-2 basal leaves can be sent out in the next spring. After the leaves withered in autumn, the bulbs were dug out, and the bulbs were already finger-sized, and then a seedbed was changed to sow seeds, with a distance of 7cm to 10cm. After that, the bulbs could be managed according to the method of bulb cultivation, and the bulbs could be cultivated for 1 ~ 2 years.

(3) planting

Before planting, you should choose the bulb, which usually requires a mass of 30g to 50g. The lower species are planted in the Yangtze River valley from late August to late September; the provinces south of the Yangtze River have no severe cold in winter, so it is better to plant in autumn. although they do not emerge in that year, they take root in the soil, early and fast in the next spring. the planting density depends on the variety: Xuanxingyou contains row spacing is cm, plant spacing is 20 cm, Longya lily row spacing is 40 cm, plant spacing is 20 cm. Open the planting ditch according to the row spacing, the depth is 10-15 cm, hoe the bottom soil inside the ditch, then plant the bulb according to the plant spacing, fill the fine soil around the bulb, and then cover it, the thickness is 3 times the height of the bulb.

(4) Field management

The main results are as follows: 1. The lily can not germinate until the following spring after planting in autumn, so it can interplant vegetables and other crops and loosen the soil once after intercropping or before the lily is unearthed. In the middle stage of growth, the weeds were ploughed and weeded for 1 or 2 times, and the soil was cultivated to prevent the bulbs from being exposed and the scales turning green.

2. After topdressing lily sprouting in spring and when the bacteria are 13-16 cm high, fertilize once, using 2500-3000 kg of human fecal water or 15kg-20 kg of urea. When applying urea, do not make it touch the bulb, so it should be trenched. The last topdressing should be carried out 40-50 days before harvest. During the growing period of lily, the soil is too dry and too high, so it can be combined with irrigation and topdressing in summer, or laying grass on the border, which can not only prevent water evaporation, but also prevent the rise of soil temperature. It can also be intercropped with a small amount of sweet potato in the lily field, so that the sweet potato stems and leaves cover the soil surface, and the effect of reducing soil temperature is also good.

3. After removing iniquity, topping and sprouting in spring, one of the strong seedlings should be selected, and the rest should be pinched off so as not to cause the bulb to split. The buds begin to swell in summer, so they should be picked in time. Varieties with bulbs should also be erased as soon as possible if they are not prepared to leave buds for reproduction. In May, the top of the stem can be removed from the heart in order to prevent flowering and excessive growth of stems and leaves.

(5) harvesting

The harvest of lilies should be carried out when the aboveground has withered. In the south, it is about the middle of August, when harvesting and digging is not only high in yield, but also resistant to storage. The harvest should be carried out on a sunny day, and do not declare harvesting and digging when the soil is too wet, otherwise it is easy to rot. Cut off the aboveground parts and whisker roots when the bulbs are dug out, and then move them indoors to avoid drying and discoloration of the scales caused by the sun. The yield is 1000 kg per mu.

Disease prevention and cure

1. Lily leaf blight is the most widespread and most serious disease of lily. There are round or oval disease spots of different sizes on the leaves, the spots are yellow or light brown, and some varieties have purplish red edges. In a warm and humid environment, a gray mildew layer appears on the sick class. The lesion is transparent when it is dry, and the center is often ruptured. When there is a diseased spot on the stem, it is easy to rot and break in the diseased spot; the flowers are brown and rotten when wet, and there is a mildew layer.

The disease is a fungal disease. The mycelium or sclerotia of the pathogen overwintered on the remains of the diseased plant and produced molecular spore infection the following year. Control method: remove the remains of diseased plants in the field. Spray 75% carbendazim 500 times or 50% carbendazim 500 times, every 2 weeks, 3 times 4 times.

2. Lily blight mostly occurs on tender leaves and can also infect stems and flowers. Oily subcompartments first occurred on the leaves, which gradually expanded into grayish green, and when wet, the diseased part had woolly hyphae and white powdery spores. In severe cases, the leaves and flowers are soft and rotten, while the stems are soft and drooping. There are brown oily compartments on the bulbs, which rot after enlargement, and there is a white mildew layer in the rotten part.

The disease is a fungal disease. The pathogen winters in the soil with oospores. When there is a lot of rainfall and poor drainage, the disease is serious.

Control methods: avoid continuous cropping and pull out diseased plants