New planting techniques of Codonopsis pilosula

Codonopsis pilosula is the general name of plant Codonopsis pilosula and traditional Chinese medicine. There are about 40 species of Codonopsis in the world and 39 species in China. There are 21 species and 4 varieties of medicinal plants. Codonopsis pilosula is the root of Codonopsis pilosula, Codonopsis pilosula, Codonopsis pilosula and other perennial herbs of Campanulaceae. Codonopsis pilosula is a traditional tonifying medicine commonly used in China. In ancient times, Codonopsis pilosula produced in Shangdang area of Shanxi Province was of high grade, which had the effect of tonifying vital energy, invigorating spleen and lung. Modern research shows that Codonopsis pilosula contains a variety of sugars, phenols, sterols, volatile oils, baicalein glucosides, saponins and trace alkaloids, which can enhance immunity, dilate blood vessels, reduce blood pressure, improve microcirculation, enhance hematopoiesis and so on. In addition, it can improve the leukopenia caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. But those with stagnation of qi and liver fire are prohibited; those who are full of evil and upright are not suitable for use.

Cultivation and management

Plant characteristics

Perennial herbs. The root is cylindrical, with a light gray surface and a chrysanthemum heart inside. The stem is twining, the cross section has white milk, long and much branched, often dark purple, the lower part has short hispid, the upper part is smooth. Leaves opposite or 100-bearing, stipitate, leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate, entire. Flowers solitary, axillary or terminal; Corolla broadly campanulate, yellowish green with red spots; stamens 5; ovary 3-loculed. Capsule conical. Seeds small, brown and glossy. The flowering period is from August to September and the fruiting period is from September to October.

Growth characteristics

Codonopsis pilosula, which has strong cold resistance, drought resistance and adaptability, has been introduced and cultivated all over the country. I like places where the climate is mild and cool. Seedlings like dampness and shade, drought will kill seedlings. Interplanting with tall stalk crops when raising seedlings. Big seedlings like light, and the roots are easy to rot in high temperature and humidity.

Cultivation techniques

1. The half-shady and half-sunny slopes, the slopes and the second wasteland which are close to the water source and free of underground pests and perennial root grasses are selected for land preparation and seedling cultivation. Loose and fertile sandy loam, about 30000 kg of barnyard manure or compost per hectare, ploughed, raked fine and leveled to make flat or high beds. Transplanting site requirements are not strict, hillside, terraces, raw land, cooked land can be. If it is a raw wasteland, burn the wasteland first and plough it. Base fertilizer should be applied to the cooked land, such as on the stove wall, mule, horse, pig manure and so on. About 60000 kilograms per hectare. Ploughing for a day, rake fine and flat, make a border or ridge with a width of 100cm and 120cm, with a distance of 30cm.

two. Propagation method Codonopsis pilosula reproduction to use new seeds, the germination rate of 85%, the seed germination rate is very low, or even no germination ability. The optimum germination temperature is 18-20 ℃, and the sowing time is divided into spring, summer and autumn, among which summer and autumn are the best. Spring sowing, in March, spring sowing should be taken near the water source. Summer sowing, 7.August rainy season sowing, autumn sowing before the ground freezes.

Seed treatment before sowing: in order to make the seeds germinate early, soak the seeds in 40-50 ℃ warm water before sowing, stir while adding the seeds, stop when the stirring water temperature is the same as the hand temperature, and then soak for 5 minutes; fish out the seeds, put them into a gauze bag, wash them with clean water several times, then put them on the indoor sand pile at a temperature of 15-20 ℃, wash them with clean water every 3-4 hours, and sow the seeds in a crack in a week or so.

There are two sowing methods: sowing and strip sowing.

(1) sow the seeds evenly on the border surface, then cover them with a thin layer to cover the seeds, and then suppress the close combination of the soil and the seed hands to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The sowing rate is 7.5 to 15 kilograms per hectare.

(2) to sow seeds evenly in the trench with a row spacing of 3 cm and a depth of 2 cm, and cover the soil. Strip sowing is easy to loosen the soil and weed.

3. Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) weeding and weeding is one of the main factors to ensure the yield of Codonopsis pilosula, so weeds should be removed frequently, especially in early spring and seedling stage. In general, weeding is often combined with loosening soil.

(2) topdressing human feces and urine 15000-22500 kg per hectare at the initial stage of topdressing growth (late May), and then it is inconvenient to apply fertilizer because of vine leaf trailing.

(3) Irrigation should be irrigated after drainage and irrigation planting, and no irrigation or less irrigation should be given after survival. Pay attention to drainage in the rainy season. The water requirement depends on the growth of ginseng seedlings. Moisture should be controlled when the seedling height is more than 5 cm, so as not to grow too much.

(4) set up a support when the seedling height is 30 cm, in order to make the stem grow smoothly for a year, otherwise poor ventilation and lighting is easy to infect diseases, and affect ginseng root and seed yield.

4. After transplanting ginseng seedlings for one year, they were planted in autumn or spring. After thawing in spring (from mid-March to early April), it was transplanted in mid-and late-October in autumn. On the finished border surface, press the row spacing 18 cm 30 cm, open the deep trench 5 cm 6 cm, put the ginseng seedling in the ditch according to the plant spacing 2 cm 3 cm, cover 2 cm, press and water. 375 kilograms of seedlings are needed per hectare.

5. Pest control

(1) Rust is a kind of basidiomycetes in fungi, which harms leaves. The diseased leaves protrude slightly on the back (summer spores pile), break when they are seriously raised, and scatter orange summer spores.

Prevention and treatment: spray 50% dinitrate powder 200 times liquid or 400 times rust sodium solution at the initial stage of the disease. After the harvest of Codonopsis pilosula, all the remaining branches and leaves on the ground were burned.

(2) Root rot, also known as root rot, mainly harms underground fibrous roots and lateral roots. It appears dark brown, causing the aboveground parts to wither and die.

Prevention and treatment: pull out the diseased plant in time and disinfect the cave with lime. Disinfect the soil during soil preparation, take high beds, pay attention to drainage, and avoid continuous cropping. Ground tiger, grub, mole cricket, red spider refer to the prevention and control of other diseases.

6. matters needing attention in the cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula

Codonopsis seedlings selected half-shady and half-sunny slopes, near the water source, no underground pests and perennial root grass slopes and two wasteland. New seeds should be used for propagation of Codonopsis pilosula. In order to make the seeds germinate early, the seeds were soaked in 40-50 ℃ warm water before sowing, and a new high-fat film was added to ward off underground diseases and insects, isolate virus infection, strengthen respiratory intensity and improve seed germination rate. Timely removal of weeds and loose soil, regular topdressing, irrigation after planting, no irrigation or less irrigation after survival, pay attention to drainage in rainy season. Set up a frame to make the stems grow smoothly for a year, otherwise poor ventilation and lighting are prone to diseases and affect ginseng roots and seed yield. when the leaves begin to expand, spray the medicinal herb Root Daling on the leaves. The leaf photosynthesis products (nutrients) were transported to the root system, the nutrient conversion rate and soil loosening ability were improved, the rhizome was expanded rapidly, and the medicinal content was greatly increased. At the same time, the comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests should be strengthened, and the new high lipid membrane should be sprayed to enhance the control effect. At the end of autumn, we should do a good job of winter prevention and heat preservation to ensure safe overwintering.