Cultivation techniques and harvesting of dandelion

I. Variety selection and seed collection

There are some excellent varieties of dandelion abroad, such as the French variety with thick leaves, with large and thick leaves. Wild dandelion seeds are mainly collected in our country. In summer, when the receptacle changes from green to yellow, cut off the flowers at eight or nine o'clock every morning, ripen them indoors for one day, wait for the inflorescences to disperse, dry in the shade for one more day, rub off the crown hair with your hands and dry it in the sun for 2 days. There should be a fixed seed nursery for seed collection of dandelion.

2. Cultivation of fleshy taproot of dandelion

The fleshy taproot used for the production of sprouts can be collected directly in the field. Although this is more economical, but the flesh straight root is not hypertrophy, can not produce high-quality body sprouts, artificial cultivation is recommended.

1. Preparation before sowing: choose loose, fat and rich sandy loam soil as the planting site. After the autumn harvest, clean the garden and combine ploughing and land preparation. Apply 4000 million kilograms of rotten high-quality farm manure per mu. The following year, the soil thawed and made a bed according to 1.2 meters wide, waiting for sowing.

two。 Sowing: start sowing when the soil temperature is above I5 ℃. In the border, open a shallow ditch of 2mi 3cm, with a distance of 10cm and a width of 10cm. Pour the seeds thoroughly, mix the seeds with fine sand, and sow them in the ditch. Finally, the bamboo bow was inserted on both sides of the border and covered with plastic film to maintain the optimum temperature and humidity for dandelion germination.

3. Management of seedling stage: about 9 Mel seedlings emerged 12 days after sowing. After the seedlings come out, remove the film and timely ploughing and weeding, topdressing and watering to promote the vigorous growth of the seedlings. When dandelion seedlings enter the true leaf stage of 3 pieces of 2Mel, 6 tablets of 5Mel and 9 pieces of 7Mel, the seedlings should be carried out 3 times in combination with intertillage and weeding (the seedlings under each row can be listed on the market), and the seedlings should be selected according to the plant spacing of 5cm and row spacing of 10cm. After the seedlings are set, the seedlings should be watered in time, after topdressing urea 1520g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6ml 8g per square meter, combined with topdressing and watering again. In this period, overgrowth and lodging should be prevented, and combined with mid-ploughing, weeds in the field should be removed in time.

4. Squatting seedlings and field management: dandelion enters the rosette stage soon after setting seedlings, which is the key stage to lay the foundation for fleshy root expansion. After that, it was not watered for a period of time until the fleshy root entered a period of rapid expansion. Dandelion has strong stress resistance and disease resistance, and the focus of field management is to remove weeds and fertilizer and water management. Watering and topdressing should be done in time according to plant growth and soil moisture. Foliar fertilization can also be used to delay leaf senescence. The seeds were not harvested in the year of sowing to promote their luxuriant growth and thick fleshy roots, so as to produce high-quality sprouts in the early spring of next year.

5. Harvest and storage of fleshy root: the harvest of fleshy root should be completed before freezing at the latest. Sort out the dug-out roots and plants, remove the old leaves, and retain the complete root system and terminal bud. At the same time, the storage cellar should be prepared, and it is best to choose a storage cellar with a width of 1.2m and a depth of 1.5m (east-west extension). Put the fleshy root in the cellar, the size is good, the height is not more than 50 cm. In the early stage of storage, it is necessary to prevent the succulent root from rotting or sprouting caused by high temperature, and to prevent freezing in the later stage of storage.

3. Dandelion hoarding and planting techniques

1. Hoarding bed preparation: according to the conditions, select various protection facilities whose temperature can be stably maintained at 8 Mel 25 ℃. Make a cultivation bed with a soil thickness of 40ml and 50cm in the facility, and use clean soil or river sand as the cultivation substrate. Finally, the facility was disinfected with fumigant.

two。 Hoarding method: before hoarding, the fleshy root should be taken out of the storage cellar one day in advance to dry. The fleshy roots of dandelion are graded according to their length. Then according to the level of a ditch to bury the code, the code spacing is 2Mel 3 cm, the depth of burying is to expose the root growth point as the degree, the code should be neat. Immediately after the code is buried, it is watered thoroughly. 3 days after watering, a small shed is inserted into the shed and covered with black film.

3. Management after hoarding: the management after hoarding is mainly the regulation and control of temperature and humidity in the facility. In general, the bed temperature is kept at 15 ℃, and the air relative humidity is controlled at 60%. The specific control method of temperature and humidity is the same as that of general facility cultivation. As the growth of young leaves mainly depends on storage nutrition, there is no need to apply fertilizer during this period. The key to high yield is to cultivate thick, fat and full fleshy roots, and reasonable storage in winter to reduce nutrient consumption.

4. Harvest: when the leaves reach 10ml 15cm, cut the leaves with a knife, pay attention to protect the growing point, and put the young leaves on the market in bales after cleaning. The harvest should usually be carried out in the early morning. In order to prolong the market supply period, it can be stored in stages and in batches, which requires cold storage and other cold storage equipment.

High-yield cultivation techniques of dandelion

Dandelion is a perennial herb of Compositae, the whole herb can be used as medicine, with the effect of clearing away heat and detoxification, eliminating carbuncle and dispersing knot. In addition to medicine, dandelion seedlings and leaves can be eaten raw, salad, fried food, soup, salted pickles and so on. Due to the continuous depletion of wild dandelion resources, it is imperative to develop artificial cultivation.

I. growth characteristics

Dandelion has strong adaptability, light and cold tolerance, heat resistance, cold resistance and barren resistance, strong disease resistance, few diseases and insect pests, so it can be cultivated in most areas of our country.

II. Soil preparation and fertilization

Choose loose, fertile, moist, well-drained sandy soil for planting. Turn 20~25cm deeply, flatten and rake fine, make a border with length 10~20cm, width 1.2m to 1.5m, high 15cm, or make small ridge with 45cm width. Apply organic fertilizer 4000~4500kg and superphosphate 15kg per mu and spread them evenly into the border.

Third, sowing seeds

1. Seed treatment soaked the seeds in 50 ℃ water and accelerated germination under 25 ℃. Seeds have no dormant period and can be sown in the open field at any time from spring to autumn and in the greenhouse in winter.

2. Sowing in the open field is either strip sowing or sowing on the border or ridge. Strip sowing: shallow horizontal trenches were opened according to row spacing 25~30cm on the border surface, sowing width was about 10cm, seeds were sown and covered with soil 1cm, and then slightly suppressed. Sowing: sow on the flat bed, use about 1 kg of seed per mu, cover the grass to keep warm and moisturize after sowing, remove the cover grass when it comes out, and the seedlings can emerge in about 7 to 10 days.

3. Sowing in greenhouse is from late November to early December, and seedlings are raised and transplanted. If cultivated in greenhouse or small and medium-sized arch shed, agricultural film can be buckled from February to March in the second year, and new buds can be harvested in late March, when the market price is higher and income can be increased.