High-yield planting techniques of Evening Primrose

Evening Primrose originated in North America, commonly known as mountain sesame, evening primrose, belongs to the willow family, annual or perennial wild herbs. It is a perennial herb of Saliuriaceae, which is often cultivated as 1-2-year-old flowers. Plants erect or obliquely upward, less branched, with coarse long hairs. Lower leaves linear-oblanceolate, cauline leaves lanceolate, sessile. Single flower axillary in the upper middle of the branch, yellow flowers, open in the evening to night, with fragrance. The upper part of the fruit is often thickened. The florescence is from July to September. And epiphyllum open at night, hence the name night incense, pleasant aroma, suitable for decorating the night scene, with other greening materials for gardens, courtyards, flower beds and roadside greening. Its adaptability is strong, acid and drought resistance, soil requirements are not strict, generally neutral, slightly alkaline or slightly acidic soil, good drainage, loose soil can grow, the soil is too wet, the root is easy to get sick. There are annual plants in the north and biennial plants in the south of the Huaihe River. As a cash crop, the flower of evening primrose can extract natural spices, and it is the main variety of natural spices in the north. Evening primrose seed can be sold directly as a commodity, and evening primrose oil can also be deeply processed and refined. Evening primrose oil (a kind of fatty oil extracted and refined from evening primrose seeds), contains T-linolenic acid and other nutrients, and has the effect of reducing blood lipids, anti-arrhythmia, preventing arteriosclerosis and weight loss, etc. at the same time, it is widely used in food industry, cosmetics and other food industry and chemical industry, and the products have great added value. It has a broad prospect in the international market, the soil quality and climate are suitable for planting evening primrose in a large area, and farmers have enthusiasm for planting, which is a characteristic cash crop cultivated in rural areas. Evening primrose has been cultivated artificially for nearly 20 years. The high-yield cultivation techniques of evening primrose are briefly introduced as follows:

1. Selecting stubble for soil preparation

Evening primrose grows on sunny hillsides, grasslands, roadsides, roadsides. Like warm and humid climate. At the same time like light, cold resistance. If the requirements of the soil are not strict, the soil with medium fertility can grow healthily and develop well. Suitable for neutral, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline soil growth. In order to achieve the goal of high yield in the cultivation of evening primrose, it is necessary to select suitable soil and stubble.

1.1 site selection: it is appropriate to choose flat land or two-depression land with no stagnant water, good soil moisture, loose soil, good air permeability and sufficient sunlight.

1.2 stubble selection: bean stubble, corn stubble and potato stubble are suitable, not continuous stubble. According to the biological characteristics of evening primrose, it is forbidden to plant long residual herbicides such as propofol, fluosulfenesulfen and so on in the previous crop.

1.3 soil preparation: due to the small seeds of evening primrose, strict soil conditions are required during germination, combined with the growth characteristics and sowing time of evening primrose, it is necessary to do soil preparation in autumn, level and rake fine, and the topsoil should be clean.

2. Seed selection treatment

2.1 Variety selection: one-year-old varieties with strong growth, early flowering, large pods and good high yield were selected.

2.2 seed treatment: soak the seeds in the 250x solution of 70% methyl topiramate for 15-20 minutes, soak the sterilized seeds in 30 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, remove the seeds to control dry water, and then sow the seeds without adhesion after drying.

3. Sowing seeds at the right time

3.1 Autumn sowing: the best sowing time in Northeast China is autumn sowing. Due to good soil moisture in autumn, good water absorption of seeds, early emergence in spring and high seedling preservation rate, autumn sowing time in our county is in late October.

Spring sowing: spring sowing must be early, sowing in spring soil thawing 3-5cm, only good soil moisture, can save the spring sowing time in early April.

4. Sowing method

Mechanical sowing: replace the sowing plate of the precision seeder with millet sowing plate, adjust the sowing amount with small holes for precision sowing, use 7.5kg per hectare, sow depth 1cm, cover soil 0.5cm, compact and maintain soil moisture after sowing.

4.2 artificial sowing: open a ditch with 10cm width and 1cm depth on the ridge, step on the bottom lattice first, step on it, then sow the seeds in the ditch with some gourds or artificial evenly strips, cover the soil with 0.5cm, step on the lattice repeatedly, or press properly with a ballast to maintain soil moisture, which is the key link of whether the whole seedling can be produced, using 6-7.5kg per hectare.

5. Fertilization

It is mainly composed of farm manure and can be combined with soil preparation. High-quality agricultural fertilizer 30-45m3 is applied per hectare, soil ridge is thin, diammonium phosphate is applied 37.5-75kg per hectare, and urea 37.5kg is applied in the first bud.

6. Field management

6.1 Field inspection and replanting: after the emergence of evening primrose, it is found that there is a phenomenon of missing seedlings and broken strips, which can be replanted or replanted by transplanting seedlings in water, and the seedling preservation rate in the field is up to 80%.

6. 2 seedlings: during the period of 2-3 leaves, the plant spacing was kept at 10-12cm, and the seedlings could be divided into two rows, and 25-300000 seedlings per hectare could be preserved.

6.3 ploughing and weeding: evening primrose wild plants must be carefully managed after artificial cultivation, so that there are two shovels and three times without weeds in the field.

6. Prevention and control of main diseases and insect pests in April

6.4.1 to control Fusarium wilt, if a diseased plant is found in the field, the soil around the plant should be pulled out and disinfected with quicklime for 30 days before replanting. Chemical control, using wilt Rick 600-800 times liquid or 50% carbendazim for control.

6.4.2 to control root rot, when Rain Water is too large, it is easy to get rot, the roots of the diseased plants gradually change color and rot, the leaves wilt and wither, resulting in the death of the whole plant. While strengthening intertillage, 50% methyl topiramate can be irrigated with 1500 times liquid.

6.4.3 to control mites, 73% propargite 2000 times solution can be used to control mites in the field.

6.4.4 against aphids and shell insects, 40% dimethoate emulsion or 2.5% enemy killing or 10% permethrin or 10-15 mu aphid spray can be used to control water leaves.

7. Harvest

7.1 timely harvest: evening primrose is an infinite flowering and podding plant, the harvest time can not be determined by the maturity of the whole plant, the harvest is safe and timely. The standard of harvest is that the pods at the bottom of the stem crack for 3-5 hours, which can be harvested from September 20 to September 30. After cutting into bundles, standing in the field after ripening in a general time can be threshed.

7.2 threshing: threshing should be on the cement floor or bedding cloth, plastic sheeting, etc., to avoid impurities mixing. Seeds with high water content should be dried in time to prevent mildew.