Efficient cultivation techniques of Bletilla striata

Bletilla striata is a plant of the genus Bletilla of Orchidaceae, which has the functions of tonifying the lung and stopping bleeding, detumescence and muscle production, etc. Bletilla striata belongs to the genus Bletilla striata of Orchidaceae, which is alienated with grass, root of glycyrrhiza, Baiji, magnolia and purple orchid. It is mainly used for the treatment of tuberculosis, hemoptysis, hemoptysis of gastric ulcer, hematuria, hematochezia, external use for traumatic bleeding, burn and scald, chapped hands and feet, etc. The hemostatic effect of Bletilla striata is very good. Now the glue film made of Bletilla striata is used for liver and spleen surgery to stick to the knife edge instead of blood forceps. It has a very good effect and has the effect of rapid blood clotting. It can be used in surgery instead of plasma. It is mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces, and is cultivated all over the country.

Morphological characteristics

Bletilla striata is a perennial herb with a height of 30cm and 60cm. Its tubers are fleshy, white, with 2 to 3 forks in the shape of a water chestnut, with whisker roots and often several concomitant. Racemes terminal, often with 3-8 flowers; purplish red flowers with irregular petals. Capsule Terete, with 6 longitudinal ribs, slightly pointed at both ends. Seeds small, numerous. The flowering period is from April to May and the fruiting period is from July to August. There are two kinds of Bletilla striata, and there is a yellow-white flower, leaf-shaped lanceolate, narrow leaf Bletilla striata. Among the purple safflower, there are large species and small species, among which the tuber yield of the big species is higher.

Growth characteristics

Bletilla prefers warm, cool and humid environment and is not cold-tolerant. It requires fertile, loose and well-drained sandy soil or humus loam to be cultivated on shady slopes or more humic plots.

Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation: choose loose and fertile sandy loam and humus loam, warm, slightly humid environment, not cold-resistant. When planting in mountainous areas with good drainage, shady slope wasteland should be selected for planting. Ploughing the soil more than 20 cm, applying stable manure and compost, 1000 kg of farm manure per mu, and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer without farm manure. Then turn the ground to mix the soil and fertilizer evenly. Shallow ploughing once before planting, the soil is fine, raked flat and made into a high border with a width of 130cm to 150cm.

2. Propagation method: it is difficult to sow Bletilla striata with seed, and it is easy to propagate by tuber. The Bletilla striata was dug out from September to early November, and the medium-sized tubers with many bud eyes and disease-free tubers were selected, each with 1 or 2 buds and planted with plant ash. The distance of trench is 20-25 cm, the depth is 5-6 cm, put a tuber according to the distance of 10-12 cm, bud up, fill, compaction, watering, covering grass, often keep wet, seedling from March to April. 100 kg per mu of seedlings.

3. Field management

① ploughing and weeding: Bletilla striata has strict requirements for weeding in the field. After planting and spraying Acetochlor, the seedlings of Bletilla striata come out. From May to June, Bletilla striata grows very exuberantly, and weeds grow very fast, so weed control is carried out. Weeding should be combined with loosening the border surface, and a shallow hoe should be used when weeding so as not to hurt the roots.

② timely topdressing: Bletilla striata is a fertilizer-loving plant, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or thin human and animal feces once a month, stopping growth and entering dormancy from July to August, but to prevent weeds from growing.

③ irrigation and drainage: Bletilla striata likes shade, often keeps moist, should be watered during drought, and should be watered once in the morning and evening from July to September. Bletilla striata is also afraid of waterlogging, heavy rain timely drainage to avoid root damage.

Pest control

1. Root rot disease: in the south, it often occurs in the rainy season of spring and summer. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to waterlogging and waterproof, dig deep drainage ditches.

2, ground tiger, golden needle worm: can be artificially killed and trapped or mixed with poisonous soil, and put it on the bed with the ground worm. Irrigate the bed with 50% zinc and parathion EC 700 times liquid.

Harvest and processing

After planting Bletilla striata for 2-3 years, when the aboveground stem withered from September to October, the dug tuber was removed from the soil and processed. Pick the tuber individually, select the tuber with new stalk as seed, cut off the stem, soak it in clean water for 1 hour, wash the soil, boil it in boiling water for 5 minutes, and remove the Kang until it is completely dry. Remove rough skin and fibrous roots and sift out impurities. General mu harvested fresh goods 800kg to 1000kg, can be processed 20000kg. It is better to have a large, full, white, translucent and solid one. The tuber of Bletilla striata contains starch, glucose and volatile oil, and the root contains Bletilla striata mannan.

After watching the planting technology of Bletilla striata, let's take a look at the planting prospect of Bletilla striata.

The tuber of Bletilla striata is a traditional Chinese medicine. Bletilla striata is colorful, and it is also a good landscape plant. Due to the expansion of market demand, the market demand for Bletilla striata is very strong. In recent years, wild Bletilla striata in most areas of China has been over-exploited, resulting in a sharp reduction of its wild natural resources, on the verge of extinction, and has been listed as one of the key protected wild medicinal plants. Due to the destructive destruction of wild resources of Bletilla striata, the artificial breeding of Bletilla striata is still limited in technology, and the commodity is in short supply in the market, so it is an inevitable trend for prices to soar. In order to confirm this claim, we demonstrate from the following aspects.