Cultivation techniques of Anoectochilus chinensis

Clematis on the market is in short supply, the price is high, and the growth conditions are strict, the growth is slow, the seeds are not easy to germinate, coupled with a large number of people's collection and animal ingestion and other reasons, at present, the wild resources of Clematis are increasingly endangered, to a large extent can not meet the needs of the market, therefore, the artificial cultivation of Clematis has broad prospects, and the planting techniques are introduced as follows.

Biological characteristics

There are more than 30 species of Clematis, which are terrestrial orchids with a height of 10-18 cm, soft rhizomes, cylindrical stems, erect apex and obvious stem nodes. Leaves alternate stipitate, oval, glossy, veins golden, leaf back purplish red. Flowers are complete, racemes with 1-6 loose flowers, pilose, floral bracts lavender, ovate-lanceolate. It is generally distributed in hilly areas or broad-leaved woodlands at an altitude of 500m to 1000m. Clematis is a shady plant with low light saturation point and likes the ecological environment of wet, cool, weak or scattered light, especially in the moist areas with evergreen broad-leaved trees, stone walls and loose soil. Most avoid the direct strong light around noon, which requires less light and heat, which is 1 × 3 of the normal amount of sunlight, the most suitable temperature for growth is about 18 °25e, and the air relative humidity is more than 80%.

Anoectochilus roxburghii likes soil conditions with good properties of looseness, air permeability, drainage and water retention, and grows rapidly in a suitable shady environment, with fresh and tender leaves, thick stems and large leaves.

Planting technology

1. Scientific selection of land

In artificial cultivation of Anoectochilus roxburghii, the planting site should be located in the shady place beside the stream gully in the woodland with high altitude, which is the key to the success of cultivation, which is required to be above 400m above sea level, near the mixed zone of broad-leaved forest or coniferous broad-leaved forest. It is required that the average temperature in January is 10 degrees Celsius, the average temperature in July is 25 degrees Celsius, the air relative humidity is 70%, the wind is light or calm, the transmittance is about 30%, there are water sources around, and the soil structure is good, preferably neutral or slightly acidic (pH=4.5~6.5) weathered yellow loam.

2. Scientific planting

The planting of Anoectochilus roxburghii should be shallow rather than deep. After planting, it is best to cover clean and dry moss, and the row spacing is 5~10cm*5~10cm. Immediately after planting, the root water should be poured to ensure the survival rate. The higher altitude mountain area should be planted from April to May in spring, which can accelerate the growth and harvest in the same year. The low hills on the flat land should be planted from August to September in autumn, which can avoid the high temperature in summer and the peak period of the spread of diseases and insect pests, and increase the survival rate and yield.

3. Field management

The field management of Anoectochilus roxburghii is directly related to its survival rate, growth and yield. The growth cycle of Anoectochilus roxburghii requires less light and heat, especially the strong direct light around noon, so a shading shed should be set up on the cultivated ground to adjust the light transmittance. Anoectochilus roxburghii needs water, but it is not suitable for stagnant water, so the amount of water should depend on the development of seedlings and the environment in which they grow. After planting Anoectochilus roxburghii, the main types of fertilization should be slow-acting organic fertilizer, such as soybean cake after fermentation diluent, pig manure, cow and horse manure and other farm manure, if you can cooperate with spraying foliar fertilizer is better, usually add a small amount of ferrous sulfate per 100kg fertilizer solution, in order to promote the leaf color thick green and rich luster.

In the growing season of Anoectochilus roxburghii, 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed once every half a month for 4 times. Do not pollute the leaves of Anoectochilus roxburghii when fertilizing. if you inadvertently do so, you should spray clean water immediately. The harmful factors and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests are mostly caused by high temperature, poor ventilation, light and unclean cultivation land. Therefore, efforts should be made to overcome these adverse factors and remove weeds.

4. Harvest

Anoectochilus roxburghii can be harvested 4-5 months after planting, with a plant height of more than 10cm, 6 leaves and a fresh weight of 1-2g. When harvesting, pull up the roots (you can also cut the stem and leave the roots for regeneration), shake off the soil, expose it to the sun or dry it with fire to become dry products.

Pest control

1. Insect pests

① molluscs, snails and slugs. Eating Anoectochilus roxburghii soft tissues such as root tips, buds, etc., seriously affect the growth.

② red spiders and mites. Adults and nymphs absorb juice on the leaves, resulting in small yellow spots on the injured leaves, which turn yellow and scorched seriously, until they fall off and the plants die.

③ Little Land Tiger. Before the 3rd instar, the larvae ate the heart leaves and leaves of Anoectochilus roxburghii into small notches or mesh shape. after the 3rd instar, the larvae bit off the seedlings from the tender stems near the ground, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges.

④ mole cricket. Bite the roots of seedlings in the soil, showing a hemp-like decapitation, resulting in the death of seedlings, and make the surface of the soil into many uplift tunnels, so that the roots of seedlings are separated from the soil, water loss, drying up and death.

2. Disease

① sudden collapse disease. It was mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The yellow-brown watery spot appeared at the base of the stem of the diseased seedling, which quickly developed to a week around the stem, and the tissue of the diseased part rotted and dried up and shrank in a linear shape. The disease developed rapidly, the seedlings fell down and died rapidly, and the phenomenon of stunning appeared.

② soft rot. It is a bacterial disease, which mainly damages the petioles of the middle and lower inner stems and leaves near the surface. It is difficult to detect in the early stage of the disease. In the middle stage, brown necrotic spots appear outside the epidermis of the stem base about 3cm, and brown wet rot appears on the leaf veins. The middle and lower leaves of the plant were yellow and wilted at high temperature. in the later stage, the whole plant wilted, upright and broken by hand.