What are the methods of soil improvement?

Soil improvement is the process of taking corresponding physical, biological or chemical measures to improve soil properties, improve soil fertility, increase crop yield and improve the soil environment for human survival. Let's take a look at the methods of soil improvement.

soil improvement process

1. Soil conservation stage: soil conservation stage is to take engineering or biological measures to control soil loss within the allowable loss range. If soil loss is not controlled, soil improvement cannot be carried out. For cultivated soil, farmland infrastructure construction should be carried out first.

2. Soil improvement stage: The purpose of soil improvement stage is to increase soil organic matter and nutrient content, improve soil properties and improve soil fertility. Soil improvement measures are mainly planting leguminous green manure or applying more farm manure. When the soil is too sandy or too viscous, sand and clay can be mixed together. Eroded soil in acid red and yellow soil areas of southern China is deficient in phosphorus, so phosphorus fertilizer must be applied when green manure crops are planted to improve soil.

soil improvement technologies

1. Soil structure improvement: Soil structure improvement is to promote the formation of soil aggregates, improve soil structure, improve fertility and fix topsoil, protect soil tillage and prevent soil erosion by applying natural soil improvers (such as humic acids, cellulose, biogas residue, etc.) and artificial soil improvers (such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, etc.).

2. Saline-alkali land improvement: Saline-alkali land improvement is mainly carried out through well irrigation technology and biological improvement technology in saline-alkali soil area.

3. Acidified soil improvement: Acidified soil improvement is to control the emission of waste gas carbon dioxide, stop the development of acid rain or add soil improvers such as sodium carbonate and lime to acidified soil to improve soil fertility and increase soil permeability and permeability.

4, soil heavy metal pollution improvement: soil heavy metal pollution improvement is mainly to take biological measures and improvement measures to extract heavy metals in the soil, enrichment and transport to the harvestable part of the plant or to the contaminated soil to put improvers, so that heavy metals occur oxidation, reduction, precipitation, adsorption, inhibition and antagonism.

soil improvement method

1. Planned crop rotation: arrange different vegetables reasonably, and try to consider the family type, root depth, fertilizer absorption characteristics and acidity and alkalinity of secretions of different vegetables.

2. Regularly disinfect the soil

① Pharmaceutical method: sterilization can be carried out by mixing soil with formalin or fumigating with sulfur powder.

② Sunlight method: during summer idle period, remove the film, deeply turn the soil, and use ultraviolet rays in the sun to sterilize.

③ High temperature method: In high temperature season, after irrigation, the shed can also be closed, and the method of passing heat steam to the soil can also be used to kill insects and sterilization.

④ Freezing method: In cold winter, the protected land that cannot be used is removed from the film and the soil is deeply turned to freeze the eggs.

3. Improve soil texture

① After harvesting vegetables, turn the soil, turn the lower layer of soil with less salt to the layer and mix it fully with the topsoil.

(2) Appropriate application of decomposed organic fertilizer to increase the content of organic matter in soil.

3. Fertile soil can be used to replace soil with too high salt content or too low pH value.

4. Soilless cultivation can be carried out if economic and technical conditions permit.

4. Discharging salt with water

① During the idle season, water is poured, and the accumulated salt in the topsoil is poured down to reduce the concentration of soil solution.

② In summer, the gap between vegetable stubble changes, film removal and rain or water immersion irrigation. The salt in the surface layer of soil is lost or leached to the deep layer of soil with rainwater.

5. Scientific fertilization

① According to the soil nutrient status, fertilizer types and fertilizer requirements of vegetables, determine reasonable fertilizer application amount or fertilizer application method, achieve formula fertilization, mainly apply organic fertilizer, reasonably apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer should be deeply applied and mixed with organic fertilizer, topdressing should be "a small number of times", and avoid long-term application of the same fertilizer, especially nitrogen-containing fertilizer.

② scientific fertilizer selection, pay attention to the alternate combination of physiological acid fertilizer and physiological alkaline fertilizer. When the soil has been acidified or acid fertilizer must be applied, quicklime can be added to the fertilizer to adjust, when the soil acidification is serious and want to quickly increase the pH value, can apply quicklime, but the amount of quicklime 1/3~1/2, and can not be applied to the growing plant soil.

3. Advocates topdressing outside roots, which will not cause soil damage.

④ Carefully apply micro-fertilizer. Under normal circumstances, organic fertilizer should be used to provide trace elements. If micro-fertilizer is applied, it must not be excessive.

6. Salt-tolerant crops: planting corn, sorghum, cabbage and other crops with strong fertility after vegetable harvest can effectively reduce soil salt content and acidity. If the soil has salt accumulation or strong acidity, vegetables with strong salt tolerance such as spinach, celery, eggplant, etc. or rape, cabbage, taro, etc. with strong acid tolerance can be planted to absorb soil salt.