Breeding techniques of Qinchuan cattle

Qinchuan cattle is a famous large service beef breed in China. It originated in the Guanzhong Plain of the Weihe River Basin in Shaanxi Province. It is an excellent local breed of yellow cattle and one of the five major yellow cattle breeds in China. It has a large physique, strong service force and good meat production performance. It gets its name because it is produced in Guanzhong area of Qinchuan, Shaanxi Province, which is eight hundred miles away. Let's take a look at Qinchuan cattle breeding techniques.

Variety performance

Qinchuan cattle in good feeding conditions, 6-month-old male calves up to 250kg, female calves 210kg, daily gain up to 1400 grams. Under good feeding conditions, the bull can reach 511 kg at the age of one year. As a specialized large beef cattle, the meat production performance is good, the slaughtering percentage is generally 60% 70%, and the carcass lean percentage is 80% 85%. The carcass weight of 16-month-old fattening cows reached 418 kg and the slaughtering rate was 66.3%. The milk yield of the cow is relatively high, which can produce 2000 kg of milk in one lactation period, and the milk fat rate is 4.0-4.7%, but the dystocia rate of the cow during purebred reproduction is higher.

Warm house fattening

If you are fattening in a permanent cowshed or plastic greenhouse, do a good job in the maintenance of the barn before feeding, and the holes, holes, gaps and windows around the walls should be blocked strictly. Transparent plastic film should be used in plastic greenhouse and cowshed. The cement or brick floor should be covered with bedding and replaced frequently to keep the temperature in the shed above 5 ℃. As the weather gets warmer after April, the open shed area should be gradually increased, and all the plastics should not be removed at one time to avoid catching a cold in cattle.

Disease prevention and insect repellent

1. The newly bought cattle should be thoroughly examined. Only when healthy people are injected with foot-and-mouth vaccine, brucellosis vaccine and Clostridium welchii vaccine can they be mixed in the house, and a comprehensive deworming should be carried out before entering the house for fattening. Take 4 Chong Kexing capsules (containing 20 mg of active ingredient) per 100 kg body weight, or subcutaneously inject 2 ml per 100 kg body weight. You can also take anti-peristalsis 5mg / kg body weight or levamisole 6mg / kg body weight to dispel a variety of parasites in the body. Where there is Fasciola hepatica, drugs such as nitrochlorophenol can be used for deworming.

2. The in vitro parasite can be sprayed head by head with 0.3% peracetic acid, and then a general wipe with 0.25% mijing emulsion. After 3 days of deworming, artificial salt or other stomach-strengthening drugs were used to strengthen the stomach. In addition, cattle that have just entered the house are prone to stress reaction due to environmental changes, transportation, shock, and other reasons. 0.5% salt and 1% red pond can be added to drinking water for a week, and more grass or hay are fed. Two days later, a small amount of wheat bran is fed to fertilizer. In the process of fattening, we should pay attention to observe the feeding, excretion and mental state of the cattle.

Careful management

The most suitable ambient temperature of Qinchuan cattle is 5-21 ℃. Try to create a warm, quiet and comfortable environment for cattle during the fattening period. Generally speaking, it is advisable to adopt tethering and fattening. Except for the windy and snowy days, the cattle are tied to the stake outside the house to bask in the sun from 8 am to 3 pm every day. Fixed cow rope should not be too long, 0.4 meters is appropriate. Brush the cow once or twice a day to keep it clean. An open and closed ventilation window is installed on the top of the barn and ventilated once at noon every day for 10: 20 seconds. Remove feces regularly every day, keep the barn clean, dry and ventilated, and strictly prevent moisture.

Scientific feeding

The main results are as follows: 1. In the early fattening period, it takes about 15 days, mainly with ammoniated straw and silage corn straw as roughage, and combined with local practice to feed concentrate feed. Ammoniated straw or silage corn straw is free to feed, and drinking water is adequate. Concentrate is gradually added from the next day, and then increases rapidly. By the end of the Prophase, the concentrate can be fed up to about 2 kg per day, or the mixed concentrate can be fed at 0.8% of body weight, with an average of about 1.5 kg per day. The concentrate formula is 45% corn meal, 40% wheat bran, 10% cake, 2% bone meal, 2% urea, 1% salt, and two cod liver oil per kilogram of feed.

2. In the middle stage of fattening, it is usually about 30 days in the middle stage of fattening, and attention should be paid to the reasonable collocation of roughage in the process of feeding. The proportion of coarse concentrate at the beginning of the transition period is 3:1, the middle stage is 2:1, and the later stage is 1:1. The feed formula for this period is corn flour 6%, wheat bran 15.5%, peeled cottonseed cake 12%, corn straw meal 25.8%, bone meal 0.4%, shell powder 0.3%, salt 50 g / head, vitamin A2IU/ head, feeding once a day in the morning and evening, keeping 4 kilograms per day? Boss, drink water 2 hours after feeding.

3. Fattening later period: it takes about 45 days in the later fattening stage. The diet should be based on concentrate, which can account for 7080% of the total diet, and provide high energy (60kg 70%), low protein feed (1020%), 1.5% per 100kg body weight, coarse concentrate ratio from 1:2 to 1:3, appropriately increase the number of daily feeding, and ensure an adequate supply of drinking water. The feed formula for this period is 2kg of corn flour, 20kg of sugar dregs, 15kg of distiller's grains, 10kg of silage straw, 50g of salt, 20g of mineral additives, fed once in the morning and evening, or 56% of corn meal, 10% of cottonseed cake, 8% of wheat bran, 23.5% of ammoniated wheat straw, 1% of auxin, 1% of salt, 0.5% of sodium bicarbonate, and 6 kilograms per head per day.