Chinese Holstein Cattle Breeding Technology

Chinese Holstein cow is a breed that is crossed by Chinese yellow cattle and imported Holstein cattle and formed after long-term breeding. It has obvious appearance characteristics of dairy cattle, tall physique, symmetrical structure, large breasts, good lactation performance and black-and-white patches. It is a relatively high-yielding dairy cow breed. Let's take a look at the breeding techniques of Chinese Holstein cattle.

Variety selection

Mainly black and white dairy cows in China, Holstein, an American high-quality dairy cow breed, can also be used as the male parent in the actual production process. Individual selection of Chinese Holstein cows. The quilt is capillary, short, glossy, thin and elastic. The subcutaneous fat is less, the blood vessels are exposed, and the breast is fully developed and round. The nipples are evenly distributed, cylindrical, with moderate thickness, large and curved mammary veins, large and deep milk wells, and three or more milk wells in individual cows, which is a sign of more branches of mammary veins. At the time of purchase, we should also do a good job of brucellosis and tuberculosis tests.

Cattle farm construction

1. The Holstein dairy site in China is in line with the local land use development plan, which is combined with agriculture and animal husbandry development planning, farmland infrastructure planning and so on. The terrain is high and dry, leeward to the sun, the groundwater level is low, with a gentle slope (high in the north and low in the south), but the overall flat place, it is strictly forbidden to build in the low depression and tuyere. Sandy loam is the most ideal, sandy soil is more suitable, and clay is the most uncomfortable.

2. The distance between the Holstein dairy site in China and the main highway is not less than 500m, and the distance from the residential area is not less than 1000 meters, which is located in the downwind of the residential area. Away from other livestock and poultry farms, there are no chemical plants, livestock products processing plants, slaughterhouses, hospitals, veterinary hospitals and so on within 1500 meters. In order to facilitate the transportation of fresh milk, it is better to have a dairy processing factory within 50 kilometers of the surrounding area. It is more than 2000 meters away from scenic and tourist areas, nature reserves and water source reserves. The surrounding feed resources, especially roughage resources are rich, and try to avoid the surrounding farms of the same size.

3. The dairy farm should be divided reasonably according to its function, which generally includes 3-5 functional areas, namely, living area, management area, production area, fecal and urine sewage treatment area, disease and livestock management area. In order to strengthen the exercise of dairy cows and promote the health and high yield of dairy cows, a sports ground with sufficient area should be allocated.

Feeding management

1. Feed collocation: the feed fed to Chinese Holstein cows should be based on green succulent feed and high quality hay, and the lack of nutrients should be supplemented with concentrate and other small amounts of additives. In terms of dry matter, green succulent feed accounts for 50%, roughage 30%, concentrate 20%. The diets of dairy cows, especially during the milking period, should be diversified, consisting of at least two kinds of roughage such as green hay, rice straw or corn husk, 23 kinds of juicy materials such as silage, carrots, beets, and 34 kinds of concentrate such as corn flour, wheat bran, soybean cake, barley and so on. If possible, you can also feed some bean curd dregs, brewer's grains, pear peel and other side ingredients conducive to milk production. Give priority to silage, supplemented by concentrate, silage, and green cutting, adhere to hay and silage all the year round, achieve feed diversification and good palatability, promote the appetite of Chinese Holstein cows, and improve feed utilization rate.

2. Feeding method: Chinese Holstein cows should be fed regularly and quantitatively, and high-yield Chinese Holstein cows must be raised according to their characteristics and hobbies. Some like to eat dry materials, some like to eat wet materials, should use different modulation methods to meet their needs. Daily feeding times and milking times are the same, generally milking 3 times a day, feeding 3 times. Feeding order, generally according to concentrate, succulent material, green fodder, silage, hay and so on, do not change easily after forming the habit.

3. Adequate drinking water: Chinese Holstein cows that produce 50 kg of milk a day need about 50-75 kg of water per day. If the drinking water is insufficient, it will directly affect the milk production. Cattle should be given at least 3 or 4 times a day of drinking water, and when the summer weather is hot, it should be increased to 5 times. There should be a sink in the playground, which is often filled with water, so that Chinese Holstein cows can drink it at any time. The water temperature in winter should not be too low, and you can drink warm water if necessary.

Daily management

1. Adequate exercise: Chinese Holstein dairy cows can strengthen their physique through exercise, especially the Chinese Holstein dairy cattle must ensure an appropriate amount of exercise. If insufficient exercise, it is easy to make the body fat, affecting milk production and fecundity, and even dystocia and placenta retention and other obstetrical diseases. Therefore, for cows, in addition to 23 hours of driving exercise every day, the sunny day after each milking and feeding should also be put on the playground to allow them to move freely.

2. Brushing cattle: the purpose of brushing is to enhance the metabolism of Chinese Holstein cows and improve blood circulation. Keep brushing 12 times a day. The time is before milking. The utensils are Ma Lian root brush and soft hair brush. The order of brushing is from front to back, from one side to the other. The method is to use a brush to reverse the hair and then smooth the hair, each brush a few times, and then scrape off the dirt on the iron cymbal, and then brush all over the body one after another. Hot summer can be used to brush feces or soil contaminated parts, such as cattle buttocks, tail, external reproductive organs and surrounding places. Dry brush as much as possible in cold weather, do not wash the cow in case you catch a cold. At ordinary times, it is also necessary to keep the hoof walls and forks clean and remove the attached dirt. In order to prevent the foot wall from breaking, Vaseline oil can be applied frequently. The tip of the hoof is too long to be eliminated in time, and the normal trimming of the hoof is usually done once a year in spring and autumn.