Planting technology of burdock

Burdock, also known as Dalizi, evil fruit, burdock, etc., is a biennial herb of the genus Asteraceae. It has been eaten as a vegetable in Taiwan for many years, and it is distributed in Jiangsu Province and Shandong Province. Xuzhou Fengxian, Peixian in Jiangsu Province and Cangshan in Shandong Province have a long history of cultivation and a large area. Let's take a look at the planting technology of burdock.

Growth habit

Burdock prefers warm climate conditions, which is both heat-resistant and cold-tolerant. The optimum temperature for seed germination and plant growth is 20-25 ℃ and 20-25 ℃, respectively. Strong light is required in the growing period. And burdock is a plant that needs more water, from seed germination to seedling growth, it is suitable for slightly higher soil moisture, and moist soil conditions are also required in the middle and later stages of growth, but the field can not accumulate water, and the taproot will rot if it accumulates water for 12 hours in summer. When growing vegetables, choose sandy or loam soil with deep and loose soil layer, the content of soil organic matter is rich, and the pH value is 6.5 to 7.5.

Land selection and fertilization

Burdock cultivation chooses loam or sandy loam with sunny topography, deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. Continuous cropping is avoided, and cereals, rape, broad bean and other crops are suitable for the previous crop. Generally, 3000-4000 kg of high-quality farm manure, 50 kg of superphosphate and 5 kg of urea are used as base fertilizer per mu, and the fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface before the cultivated land, and the cultivated land is turned into the soil at one time, the depth of the cultivated land is more than 30 cm, and the rake is flat and fine.

Sowing at the right time

Burdock mainly uses seeds to propagate, and select full, disease-free and damage-free seeds. Before sowing, the seeds are sunned for 1-2 days, then soaked in warm water of 40-50 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and then sowed after cold drying. Sowing from early April to late April, there are two sowing methods: strip sowing and hole sowing. Strip sowing can be ditched according to row spacing of 60 cm, ditch depth of 2 cm, seeds can be evenly sowed in the ditch, covering soil 1 cm, hole sowing can be planted according to plant spacing of 30 × 60 cm, 4 seeds per hole sowing, covering soil 2 cm. After sowing, it should be slightly suppressed, so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil, and the grass is covered to keep the soil moist. The seed consumption per mu is 0.5-0.75 kg.

Field management

1. Seedling fixing: after burdock emergence, the cover grass is removed in the evening or cloudy day. When the seedlings grow 2 or 3 true leaves, one strong seedling is kept in the strip sowing field according to the plant spacing of 4cm, 2 strong seedlings in each hole in the hole sowing field, and the surplus is pulled out. The seedlings were fixed when the seedlings had 4 or 5 true leaves, 1 strong seedling in the strip sowing field and 1 strong seedling in each hole according to the plant spacing of 25 cm and 30 cm respectively.

2. Intermediate ploughing and weeding: burdock planting should be combined with inter-fixed seedlings to carry out intermediate ploughing and weeding. Burdock plants grow slowly, and the seedlings are most afraid of "grass eating seedlings". They should be ploughed and weeded in time until the plants are closed, and they should be ploughed for 4 times during the whole growth period. at the same time, root soil cultivation is carried out to facilitate ventilation and root protection. When cultivating soil, pay attention to the growing point can not be buried in the soil.

3. Timely topdressing: when burdock was planted, topdressing was carried out in late April of the second year. 1000 kg of high-quality farm manure and 15 kg of diammonium phosphate were applied per mu, scattered evenly on the surface, combined with weeding and turned into the soil. At flowering stage, 0.2-0.3 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed per mu of leaves to promote flowering and fruiting.

4. Disease control: the disease of burdock is mainly caused by black spot, which mainly harms the leaves of burdock. When the disease occurs, it can be sprayed with 500 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 400 times 500 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder. Spray once every 7 to 10 days, spray 3 times 4 times.

5. Pest control: aphids are the most common pests of burdock, which usually cluster on the back of burdock leaves, affecting growth and development, resulting in plant dwarfism. When controlling aphids, 50% aldicarb wettable powder 2000-3000 times liquid spray can be used to control aphids, and good results can be obtained by spraying once every 7-10 days for 2-3 times.