The method of sowing and raising seedlings of Sunflower

Generally, the growth period of potted sunflowers is relatively short, if smooth, it can blossom in 50 days, and, for friends who are sensitive to pollen, sunflowers have no pollen and can be contacted. So how should this magical flower be sown and nurtured?

Sunflower

The seedling can be raised by point plate and nutrition bowl, and the seedling substrate can be mixed with peat, vermiculite and sand according to 2:1:1, and a little organic fertilizer can be mixed at the same time. Potted sunflower seeds are small, the top soil capacity is relatively weak, sowing is not easy to be too deep, generally about 1 cm. Covering soil after sowing, light suppression, such as raising seedlings in winter and spring, can be covered with plastic film to keep warm and shorten the time of seedling emergence. Keep the soil moist after sowing, generally 3 to 5 days in summer and 5 to 10 days in winter and spring.

Transplanting as early as possible can not only shorten the slow seedling time, but also prevent the emergence of "tall seedlings". The plant can be transplanted when it grows a pair of true leaves. After two weeks of sowing, sunflower seedlings can grow strong roots. The root system of sunflower seedlings is very strong, which is the basis to ensure a high survival rate of transplanting.

After water and fertilizer management is planted, water should be properly controlled to prevent overgrowth. After budding, the plants should be properly watered according to their growth conditions to meet their growth needs. It is not recommended to apply base fertilizer to avoid excessive fertility and make the stem too thick. Topdressing or foliar spraying can be applied according to plant growth.

The incidence of diseases and insect pests in sunflower is low, the main diseases are bacterial leaf spot, rust, stem rot, powdery mildew and black spot, and the main pests are aphids, blind bugs, red spiders and beetles.

Introduction to the sowing method of dwarf sunflower and its management after germination

Sunflower, also a sunflower, its flowers are constantly facing the sun, absorbing nutrients from the sun. Sunflowers like the sun very much, and summer is the golden time for sunflowers to grow. Ornamental dwarf sunflowers are very suitable for growing at home, adding to the sunny and warm atmosphere at home. Today, I'll take you to learn about the planting method of dwarf sunflowers.

Sowing time

It is generally sown from January to April or September to October and blossom 60-70 days after sowing; sowing from May to August or November-December and flowering 70-80 days after sowing. The time required varies from breed to breed. If sowing from November to December, pay attention to heat preservation. On the other hand, it takes 50 to 60 days from sowing to flowering for potted dwarf species.

Sowing depth

Sowing depth needs to grasp certain principles, so that the seeds can absorb enough water before emergence, so that they can break the shell and sprout and eventually pop out of the soil. If it is too shallow, it is easy to be dried by the wind, and if the seed cannot absorb water, it will not swell and germinate; too deep, even if it germinates, the tender leaflet cannot top out of the soil layer, and the seed germination needs water and oxygen, and the seed is planted too deep. Seeds cannot breathe and will hinder germination. The seeds of ornamental sunflowers are smaller than those of eating sunflowers, so the sowing depth we choose is generally 1-2cm.

Before sowing

Seeds do not need to be soaked in advance, soaking is conducive to germination, but it is not good because the seeds are sticky when sowing. Soak in water at 38-40 ℃ for 1-2 hours. Sow seeds at a depth of about 2 cm, not too deep. The seeds can be placed horizontally (horizontally) in the soil, but there is no strict requirement. When the seeds germinate, the radicle will go down automatically, and the buds will move up naturally. Pay attention to watering before sowing and covering soil.

Sowing method

When sowing and raising seedlings in a hole tray, it should be sowed on a deeper seedling plate, and the substrate should be loose, good water retention and aseptic. Generally, the mixture of peat, culture soil and sand should be used as the sowing medium. When sowing, first load the prepared nutritious soil into the seedling tray, drill through the bottom water, and wait for the water to seep out before you can start sowing. Sow one seed in each hole, cover it after sowing, and pour water to keep the substrate moist. After sowing, cover with 2cm thick fine soil, compact and cover with a layer of plastic film, and place it in a place away from light until the seedlings emerge. The germination temperature is 25 ℃ and germinates from 3 days to 4 days. Species spacing 2cm or so, do not be too dense, otherwise it is easy to "shell" seedling.

Transplant

Transplanting as early as possible can not only shorten the slow seedling time, but also prevent the emergence of "tall seedlings". The plant can be transplanted when it grows a pair of true leaves. After two weeks of sowing, sunflower seedlings can grow strong roots. The root system of sunflower seedlings is very strong, which is the basis to ensure a high survival rate of transplanting.

Post-germination management

1. Fertilizer application

It is necessary to apply basal fertilizer in the early stage of sowing, and about one tablespoon of flower fertilizer should be applied to a flowerpot with a diameter of 15cm. In the sunflower budding stage, that is, when there is a small flower on the head, apply fertilizer again. For fertilizer selection, the general flower fertilizer will explain the proportion and content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, we had better choose more nitrogen content, the growing plants are stronger. If the growth condition of the sunflower is not very good after the first fertilization, it means that the nutrient content of the fertilizer is low, or the soil in the flowerpot itself is very barren, and the fertilizer can be applied again.

two。 Watering

Moisture, as long as to ensure smooth emergence of seedlings, that is, the soil is moist before emergence. After emergence, the soil is dry and then watered, about once every 3 or 5 days. You can loosen the soil by the way, promote soil respiration, and the root system will be more developed! The plant will be stronger!

Matters needing attention for germination

The main results are as follows: 1. After emergence, dwarf sunflower should pay attention to ventilation and cooling, control humidity, and see light gradually. The seedlings can be transplanted when they reach 5~6cm 2 weeks after sowing. After emergence, the seedlings should be divided in time, and the seedlings should be transferred to the nutrition bowl of 10cm × 10cm for maintenance until planting. During this period, attention should be paid to watering water to avoid overgrowth of plants.

2. During the seedling raising period, the substrate should not be too wet, and at the same time, ventilation and light should be strengthened to prevent the spread of fungal diseases. In the high temperature and rainy season, mancozeb and metalaxyl 1000 times solution can be sprayed regularly. After the cotyledons grew, the cotyledons were sprayed with chlorothalonil or methyl topiramate 1000 times a week for 2 or 3 times in a row to prevent cataplexy.

The above is the sowing method of dwarf sunflower I sorted out, and the management after germination. I hope it can be helpful to the flower friends. Please continue to pay attention to the succulent flower bed and learn more about flower seed planting.

How to sow sunflowers? What are the points for attention in sowing?

Sunflowers are mainly in summer and winter. The florescence can reach more than two weeks. In addition to being similar to the sun in appearance, sunflowers are bright and generous, suitable for ornamental decorations, and their seeds are of more economic value. They can not only become beloved sunflower seeds, but also extract high-grade edible sunflower oil with low cholesterol. Sunflower varieties can be divided into "general ornamental" varieties or "edible" varieties. General ornamental varieties are characterized by relatively short plants, usually no more than half a meter, so they are suitable for planting in pots, while edible varieties are taller. Planted in the soil of the general open-air nursery, it can grow to more than 2 meters. Sunflower grows very fast and usually blossoms after about two months. Its flower pattern can be divided into single, double or single or multiple flowers, and its flowering period is quite long and can reach more than two weeks.

Sunflower variety selection:

There are many varieties of sunflowers, including edible type, pot planting and cut flower species. Cut flower varieties should be selected for cut flower culture. at present, the common sunflower varieties are qu hybrid F1 generation, "no pollen" varieties, such as Golden 08, double Jin Jixiang and Sanyang Kaitai, etc. Choose varieties for different uses according to your needs.

Sunflower sowing:

The main results are as follows: 1. Cut sunflower seeds are large, which are used for cut flower cultivation and production. Hole tray sowing is often used to raise seedlings. Take the mixed soil of peat, culture soil and sand as sowing soil, sow 1 seed per hole, cover soil with 0.8-1.0cm after sowing, pour water to keep the soil moist, germinate after 7 days, and plant when the seedling is high 5-6cm.

2. The specific sowing time is determined by the supply time. If flowers are used in May, they will be sown from February to March; flowers will be used in October and sown in August.

3. Ornamental sunflower seeds are large, 2550 seeds per gram, the optimum temperature for germination is 21mm 24 ℃, hole sowing is commonly used in open field, sowing tray is used for on demand sowing, and germination is 7 to 10 days after sowing. The germination rate is 80%-90%. Take potted dwarf species as an example. It takes 50 to 60 days from sowing to flowering.

Sunflower planting:

The main results are as follows: 1. The loose and fertile loam is suitable for soil, and the mixture of culture soil, rotten leaf soil and coarse sand is used for pot cultivation.

2. Select flat, loose, well-drained and sunny plots for planting (the soil does not need to be fertilized first). Under the condition of high fertility soil, it is necessary to increase the planting density to limit the overgrowth of plants and the size of flowers. The suitable row spacing of planting plants is 20 × 40cm to obtain uniform flowers. Sometimes the plant row spacing should be adjusted according to the soil fertility and the market requirements for stem thickness.

Sunflower seedling management:

1. Sufficient light should be given at the initial stage of sowing to prevent the plant from overgrowing. Fertilizer can be applied less to limit the flower head is too large and the stem is too thick, which is not conducive to vase.

2. Sufficient water is needed in seedling stage. If the soil fertility is too poor, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the early stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied in the bud stage, the water should be properly controlled in the bud stage, but under the condition of strong light and high temperature, due to the tall plants, luxuriant leaves and high water consumption, the cut flowers should be watered in time to prevent the leaves from withering and affecting the normal growth of the plants, resulting in the decline of the quality of cut flowers.

3. When cultivated in open field, the root system is relatively developed, drought tolerance, little watering in spring, and supplementary watering is needed only when the air temperature rises and water evaporation is large in early summer. And potted ornamental sunflowers, large pots and small, the growing period should be timely watering, otherwise the leaves are easy to dehydrate and wither. But should not be too wet, the humidity is too large, the basal leaves are easy to yellowing.

Sunflower florescence management:

The main results are as follows: 1. According to the size of the aboveground crown, the ornamental sunflower chooses a basin of 10 mi 15 cm. During the growing period, fertilization is applied once every ten days. If you watch the flower bed, you can pick the heart once, and the branches can produce 4 Murray and 5 flowers. The height of the plant can be controlled by spraying leaves with 0.25% Mel 0.4% longer solution 20 days after germination.

2. when ornamental sunflowers are cultivated in the open field, the light time is long and the flowering is often earlier, while when cultivated in the greenhouse in winter, the light time is short and the flowering is delayed.