Planting techniques of Hippophae rhamnoides

Hippophae rhamnoides, also known as vinegar willow, yellow acid thorn, acid thorn willow, etc., is a deciduous shrub of the family Elaeagnaceae, with high cultivation value, drought resistance, wind and sand resistance, can survive on saline-alkalized land, and is widely used in soil and water conservation. a large number of seabuckthorn is planted in northwest China for desert greening, and its fruit has a high content of vitamin C, known as the king of vitamin C. Let's take a look at the planting technology of Hippophae rhamnoides.

Growth habits of Hippophae rhamnoides

Hippophae rhamnoides is a positive tree species and likes light. It is not very strict in soil requirements, and is distributed in millet calcium soil, gray calcium soil, brown calcium soil, meadow soil and black protective soil. It can also grow in gravel soil, mild saline-alkali soil, sandy soil, and even in soft rock and semi-stony soil areas, but do not like too clayey soil. There are certain requirements for precipitation, generally should be more than 400 mm of annual precipitation, but do not like stagnant water. The temperature requirement is not very strict, the extreme minimum temperature can reach-50 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature can reach 50 ℃, and the annual sunshine hours can reach 1500 to 3300 hours.

Propagation techniques of Hippophae rhamnoides

1. Sowing: soak the seeds before spring sowing, row spacing 10-15 cm, depth 3 cm. One week later, the seedlings emerged, when the first pair of true leaves appeared, the seedlings began to appear, and when the fourth pair of true leaves appeared, the distance between plants was kept at 5 cm. Autumn sowing should be carried out in late autumn, covering the border after sowing, watering and freezing in winter, and emergence of seedlings in the following year.

2. Cuttings: medium mature growing branches were selected for cuttings, the best cutting period was from mid-June to August, and the row spacing was (10 ~ 15) × (5 ~ 10) cm. In the spring of the second year, the row spacing was (30 ~ 60) × (15 ~ 17) cm. Afforestation with asexual propagation seedlings for 1-2 years, the planting density is better, and the distance between rows and plants is 4 × 2 meters.

Planting techniques of Hippophae rhamnoides

1. Growth cycle: the growth of Hippophae rhamnoides can be divided into four stages: young seedling stage, hanging fruit stage, strong fruit stage and decline period. within two years after planting, it mainly grows underground, the aboveground part grows slowly, it grows vigorously for 3 ~ 4 years, and begins to blossom and bear fruit. The adult seabuckthorn tree is 2-2.5 meters high and the crown width is 1.5-2 meters. The fifth year enters the strong fruit stage, and the general tree age enters the decline period after 15 years.

2. Planting density: about 220 seabuckthorn trees are planted per mu, and the row spacing is 1.5 × 2 meters. Hippophae rhamnoides is dioecious, pay attention to the reasonable proportion of male and female when planting, generally 8 female plants with 1 male plant, the size of the tree hole depends on the size of the seedling, generally 35 cm in diameter and 35 cm in depth, and the seedling age is better with two-year-old twig cuttings.

3. Pruning tree shape: Hippophae rhamnoides trees should timely clean and cut off diseased branches and dead branches, scrape off diseased skin, and smear callus antiseptic film on their knife-cut wounds in time to promote wound healing and prevent bacteria from invading and infection. spray Zhuangguotiling at flower bud stage, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage, thicken fruit pedicel, prevent falling flowers, improve pollination ability, increase fruit setting rate and speed up expansion.

4. Promoting flower differentiation: the year of hanging fruit in seabuckthorn tree makes the tree bearing imbalance, which affects not only the balanced income, but also the health of orchard trees. Brushing Huawang No. 2 once a year in the period of flower bud differentiation can greatly promote flower bud differentiation, improve flowering and fruit setting rate, inhibit shoot growth, and completely balance the size of the year.

5. Disease control: the main disease of Hippophae rhamnoides is dry shrinkage disease. When planting, we should select disease-resistant varieties, strengthen field management, loosen soil regularly, enhance soil permeability and improve plant disease resistance. Chemical control began in late April, pouring 40% carbendazim glue suspension 500 times or methyl topiramate 800 times once a month for 3-5 consecutive times.

6. pest control: the common pests of Hippophae rhamnoides are spring inchworm, apple leaf roll moth, seabuckthorn aphid and stem borer, etc. During the occurrence period of spring inchworm and apple leaf roll moth, they are sprayed with 2500 times solution or 3000 times solution. 10% imidacloprid can be sprayed to control sea buckthorn aphids.

7. Timely harvest: the ripening period of Hippophae rhamnoides fruit is marked by its unique color and fruit size, and the harvest time is determined accordingly. Because there are many thorns, the fruit is small, the skin is thin and easy to break, and the stalk is short and cannot fall off naturally, it brings a lot of difficulties to harvest. Therefore, the labor used for harvesting accounts for almost 90% of the work of cultivated seabuckthorn.

8. Fresh-keeping technology: the storage conditions of seabuckthorn fruit are very strict. If the freshly harvested seabuckthorn fruit cannot be sold temporarily, it must be stored for a short time. Fruits must be stored at a low temperature, ventilated and in an environment that can remove harmful gases. The storage temperature should be 1-5 ℃, and the relative humidity of the air should be 90-95%.