Planting techniques of Euryale seed

Euryale belongs to Euryale, an annual aquatic herb of the genus Euryale of Nymphaeaceae. It has high nutritional and medicinal value, and is widely distributed in China. The provinces in East China have a large area, like warm and humid environment, strong adaptability, warm and wet water, and are not resistant to frost and drought. It is appropriate to cultivate Euryale seeds with deep, soft soil and rich in organic matter. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Euryale.

Sowing and raising seedlings

The seeds were soaked in the Yangtze River basin in early April, and the water temperature was kept at 20: 25 ℃ during the day and above 15 ℃ at night. The seeds were sown for more than 10 days. Five to seven days before sowing, a seedling pond with a depth of 15cm and a depth of 2.0cm by 2.5m was dug in the field. After cleaning, irrigation is about 10 cm. After the mud is clarified and settled, the germinated seeds are gently put down near the surface of the water, and about 5 kg can be planted in each pool. The water should not be cut off when raising seedlings, and the water depth can be gradually increased to about 15 cm with the growth of thickened seedlings. The heart leaves of Euryale seedlings should not be buried in the mud.

Seedling transfer and false planting

The main results are as follows: 1. About one month after sowing, the seedlings can be transferred and pseudo-planted when the seedlings have 2 or 3 arrow-shaped primary leaves. 5 kg of seeds need about 0.2 to 0.4 mu of seedling field. According to this standard, the seedling field is ready before transplanting, and the seedling field is irrigated with water of about 15 cm. When the seedlings are transferred in the seedling pond, the seedlings are raised, the mud on the roots is washed on the spot, and the seedlings are transplanted into the seedling field with a row distance of 35 cm to 50 cm.

2. When planting seedlings, as long as the seeds and "germinated stems" are planted in the soil, do not bury the heart leaves. The seedling field should not be watered off, it should be kept at about 15 cm when it was first planted, and then gradually deepened to 30 cm to 40 cm after turning green. According to the water level of the field or lake before planting, gradually deepen the water level of the seedling field, so that the Euryale seedlings can adapt to the deep water environment.

Timely planting

The main results are as follows: 1. In the middle and last ten days of June, the thick seedlings can be planted when the diameter of the peltate leaves reaches 25 centimeters (about 8 million mu for every 5 kilograms of seeds). Before planting, the holes are dug into the upper square (about 1.4 meters on the sides) and 15cm 20 centimeters deep according to the square spacing of 2 meters (purple flowers) or 2.3 meters (white flowers) before planting.

2. Weeds should be removed when opening the hole, and appropriate amount of base fertilizer should be applied. After 1-2 days, the seedlings can be transferred and planted after the mud and water in the hole is clarified. Euryale seedlings are planted in the center of the hole, with a depth of freshly buried roots and the height of the underground stem (the top of the heart leaf must be exposed to the soil). It usually turns green after 7 or 10 days. When planting Zizania caduciflora, plant Zizania caduciflora at a fixed point according to the row spacing before planting. When planting, you can pick up the pond and thicken according to the position of the pond grass. When the leaves of Euryale are about 70 cm in diameter, all the grass can be pulled out.

Field management

1. Euryale seedlings should be checked and filled at least twice after planting to ensure that the whole seedling should not be shallower than 30cm or 40cm. After survival, the water depth should be gradually increased to 70cm, 100cm, and the maximum depth should not exceed 1.2cm and 1.5m. In shallow paddy fields, thicken should be kept at a depth of 30 cm to 40 cm.

2. When Euryale seedlings are planted, weeding should be carried out for 3 times according to the growth of weeds in the field according to the growth of weeds. Weeding in the field can be combined with choking roots, that is, when weeding, the soil at the edge of the hole should be pushed into the hole, and the plants should not be damaged during operation. Topdressing can be combined with weeding.

3. The fertilization method of Euryale seedlings is generally deep application of fertilizer ball (before row closure) or external root spraying (after row closure), and fertilizer ball is made from soil and fertilizer retting. Add 50 kg of rotten manure, 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of potassium chloride per 100 kg of fine soil. When fertilizing, the fat balls made into goose eggs are evenly stuffed in the tillage layer around the root system.

4. During the flowering and fruiting period of Euryale seedlings, several times of spraying phosphate fertilizer (0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and boron fertilizer (0.1% boric acid) on the leaves in the evening can significantly improve the yield and quality. When the water temperature is higher than 35 ℃ from July to August, cold water should be often sprinkled on the leaf surface in the early morning in order to reduce the leaf temperature and promote flowering and fruiting.

Pest control

1. Leaf spot

[symptoms] at the initial stage of the disease, there are many round disease spots on the leaf edge, which are dark green at first, and then turn dark brown, sometimes with wheel lines, which are very easy to rot and perforate. when the disease spot is wet, the rat gray mold layer is on the disease spot, and when the disease is serious, the disease spot can be connected with a synthetic piece, which makes the whole Euryale leaf rot.

[control] Leaf spot of Euryale Euryale, in addition to rotation and unbiased application of nitrogen fertilizer, foliar spray of methyl topiramate (70% wettable powder) 800 × 1000 times, or carbendazim (50% wettable powder) 400 × 500 times.

2. Leaf tumor disease

[symptoms] the pathogen was fungus, which occurred more frequently from July to August. At the beginning of the disease, the foliar surface appeared light green macula, and the posterior eminence was tumorous, with a diameter of 440 cm and a height of 2 cm.

[prevention and treatment] in addition to crop rotation, thickening leaf tumor disease can also be foliar sprayed with methyl topiramate 800 / 1000 times and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the onset season.

3. Anthrax