How to plant sunflower seeds?

Sunflowers can be planted in all seasons, often in summer and winter, with a florescence of more than two weeks. in addition to being similar to the sun in appearance, the flowers are bright and generous, suitable for ornamental decoration, and their seeds are of more economic value. Not only can they be made into beloved sunflower seeds, but also high-grade edible sunflower oil with low cholesterol can be squeezed out. Let's take a look at how sunflower seeds are planted.

Land selection and preparation

The cultivation of sunflower should choose the land with flat land, medium fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage and relatively low soil viscosity, and should not be replanted. Reproduce in the way of seeds, and peat soil is suitable for sowing. Seed dressing with new high-fat membrane before sowing can ward off underground pests, isolate virus infection and improve seed germination rate.

Sowing at the right time

The sowing time of sunflower is generally from March to April, and the suitable temperature for sowing is 18-25 ℃. It usually sprouts about 5-7 days after sowing. The basic principle of sowing date selection is to sow early or late appropriately according to the occurrence law of saline-alkali, so that the seedlings can avoid the harm of saline-alkali. Spring sowing or summer sowing according to the growth period of the variety.

Check the fields to replenish seedlings

Sunflower is a dicotyledonous crop, it is difficult to grow seedlings on the top soil, coupled with soil preparation, sowing quality is not high, or rain topsoil hardening after sowing, or diseases, insects, rats, finches and other damage, are easy to cause lack of seedlings and broken ridges. In order to ensure the whole seedling sowing, the field-by-line inspection must be carried out at the seedling emergence stage, and the missing seedlings should be replanted in time.

Inter-seedling fixed seedling

Sunflower cultivation should be early to prevent seedling squeeze, affect the cultivation of strong seedlings, and even the future yield, as for saline-alkali land and pest-heavy plots, the seedling fixing time can be postponed appropriately. At the same time, sunflower seedlings should be determined as early as possible, which is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings and disk development, which should be carried out at 2 pairs of true leaves.

Intermediate ploughing and weeding

In general, sunflower intertillage plays the role of weeding and loosening soil, breaking consolidation, conserving water, reducing evaporation and reducing saline-alkali damage, etc., the first intertillage is carried out in 1-2 pairs of true leaves, the second intertillage is carried out one week after seedling setting, and the third intertillage is completed by ditching, soil cultivation and fertilization before ridge closure.

Trench and manure

Sunflowers prefer fertilizer, trench topdressing is usually carried out in the third intertillage, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, diammonium phosphate 5 kg per mu, urea 10 kg, mixed evenly and then applied to the soil. Trenching and soil cultivation can effectively ensure the growth and development of secondary roots, prevent lodging and reduce the basal branches below cotyledon nodes.

Timely irrigation

Sunflower irrigation uses furrow irrigation, the general plant height of 1.5 meters of varieties, head water should be carried out in the flower bud stage, Ershui in the early flowering stage, Sanshui in the filling stage. For the varieties with a plant height of about 2 meters, the head water was carried out 4-5 days before flowering (severe drought and irrigation in advance), the second water was 6-7 days after the head water, and the three water was in the filling stage.

Branch protection

Sunflower has the habit of branching in the axils of leaves, which often occurs from bud to flowering stage, wasting nutrients and has a great impact on yield and quality, at least 3 times at this stage. It is necessary to "hit early and small" for branching, and the tender branches will be wiped off, saving effort and not hurting the stems and leaves. Should pay attention to the middle and upper leaves firmly can not fight, as for the later growth of the lower leaves, in order to facilitate ventilation and light, reduce diseases and insect pests, can eliminate a small number.