Analysis on the reasons for the decrease of laying rate of laying hens

1. Disease

??? Chickens infected with infectious diseases will cause a sudden decline in egg production, such as the attack of egg drop syndrome, chickens often have no obvious clinical symptoms, mainly a sharp decline in egg production and thinning of eggshells, deformed eggs and an increase in brown eggs. the rate of egg production usually drops by about 10%, and serious ones by about 50%. In addition, viral diseases such as Marek's disease, infectious encephalomyelitis, fowlpox, lymphoid leukemia, bird flu, as well as various bacterial diseases, mycoplasms and parasitic diseases can cause a decline in production. Prevention is the key to viral diseases. A perfect biosafety system should be established, a reasonable immunization procedure should be established according to the local epidemic situation, and the corresponding immune detection mechanism should be established to prevent correctly and timely according to the antibody level of the chicken flock. When the disease occurs, in addition to emergency vaccination, nutritional drugs should also be added to the feed to facilitate the rapid recovery of chicken health. The prevention and control of bacterial diseases should focus on purification, sanitary management and disinfection, timely diagnosis and symptomatic treatment can minimize the loss.

2. Feed

① protein and energy imbalance, often change feed raw material varieties, the use of inferior feed such as: feed added a high proportion of cottonseed cake; cooked bean cake suddenly replaced raw bean cake; imported fishmeal suddenly replaced with domestic fishmeal using fake soybean meal, inferior fishmeal, false amino acids, etc., all of which will cause great changes in the nutritional composition of the feed or make the palatability of the feed worse, resulting in a decline in egg production of chickens.

② feed is moldy and deteriorated or stored for too long in overcast and rainy weather. Raw materials or feed are easy to get wet or absorb moisture and become moldy in the process of transportation or storage. In addition, after the end of feed processing, there is a certain shelf life. If the feed is placed for too long, especially in the summer season of high temperature and humidity, many vitamins in the feed are easy to decompose and fail, and other raw materials are also prone to mildew. This is bound to affect the quality of feed, resulting in the occurrence of disease.

③ feed processing management is not perfect in the feed processing process, often due to the negligence of the staff, resulting in salt, vitamins, trace elements, amino acids and other trace components such as excess or insufficient addition, leading to the occurrence of nutritional diseases. In addition, sometimes due to the failure of the unit, the particle size of the feed is changed, so the palatability of the feed becomes much worse, the chickens are unwilling to eat, and the nutrition can not meet the demand, which leads to the decline of egg production. Therefore, in terms of feed, we should first prepare feed scientifically to ensure the nutritional needs of laying hens. Pay attention to the quality of raw materials, do not mildew, do not deteriorate, ensure that the variety of raw materials is rich and stable, and it is strictly forbidden to feed moldy and deteriorated feed. In addition, the supply of vitamins and trace elements should be ensured, the proportion of calcium in feed should be appropriate, and there should be a transition period of 3-5 days to prevent indigestion in chickens and lead to the decline of egg production.

3. Feeding and management

Although some customers with insufficient ① feed are fed to the standard feed, the feed supply is often insufficient because they do not take into account the feed energy level, environmental changes, body weight at the beginning of production and so on. Some due to human reasons to calculate the amount of material or weighing insufficient errors, will also lead to less feeding. In addition, the exchange of new and old workers or one-time feeding is too much or too full, which leads to more waste of feed, which can lead to insufficient feed intake and decrease of egg production.

Insufficient ② water supply when there is a power outage, the breeders forget to turn on the drinking water valve; the water pressure is low and the water supply is not available; the abnormal water supply for reasons such as blockage of the waterline can lead to the decrease of egg production in different degrees, especially in the hot summer.

Change of ③ temperature the most suitable temperature for laying hens is 10-25 degrees. The temperature is too low, especially in early winter, when the cold current suddenly arrives, and the chickens are stimulated by the cold wind to molt, and then stop production. The high temperature, especially the continuous high temperature in hot summer, makes the feed intake of chickens decrease sharply, and the nutrition can not meet the needs, which leads to the decline of egg production. In addition, the temperature difference within a day should not exceed 8 degrees, otherwise it will also affect the change of chicken production.

④ lighting unreasonable rural power outages more times at night, power outages for a long time, after the call can not be replenished in time, resulting in a sudden shortening of the lighting time. Sometimes the lighting time increases sharply due to the negligence of the breeders and forgot to turn off the lights. In addition, only pay attention to the light time and ignore the light intensity, the light bulb (tube) is not rubbed for a long time, and the light intensity is weakened, which can lead to the physiological function disorder of laying hens and affect the normal performance of laying hens.

⑤ has poor ventilation facilities, unreasonable design or closing all vents in order to keep warm in winter, resulting in the accumulation of harmful gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the house, which not only affects egg production but also causes respiratory diseases. In addition, the high temperature and humidity in summer will cause heatstroke in laying hens if the ventilation is not increased.

⑥ immunization, vaccination during the laying period or administration of oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and other antibiotics or insect repellents for several consecutive days will inhibit the increase of egg production due to stress and the side effects of drugs. At the same time, if the concentration of disinfectant in drinking water is too high, it will also cause a toxic reaction in chickens, resulting in a sharp decrease in egg production.

⑦ stress factors Flying birds and mice enter the henhouse, which frightens the chickens and causes stress. At the same time, some chicken farms frequently change their staff, cause a big noise inside and outside the house, and suddenly illuminate the bright light, which is also easy to cause flocks of chickens to be frightened and lead to a decline in egg production. In the work of feeding and management, in view of the above reasons, strict rules and regulations and operating procedures should be formulated, management should be strengthened, personnel should be trained regularly, and the stability of breeders should be maintained as far as possible. Formulate a strict post responsibility system and strictly implement the reward and punishment system to improve the enthusiasm of workers and ensure the normal operation of production. Chicken coop try to keep warm in winter and summer, pay attention to ventilation, strict disinfection measures, strengthen light management, keep light at 16-17 hours, do not increase or decrease at will. To prevent man-made shock, try to provide a quiet and comfortable production environment for hens, so as to ensure that laying hens are in good condition and give full play to their production performance.