How to manage the wheat field this year

As soon as the Beginning of Spring's solar terms pass, the temperature will gradually rise, and wheat in our province will gradually enter the green period from south to north. The spring management of wheat should be strengthened after it turns green. How to manage it?

According to the statistics of the Provincial Meteorological Bureau, from October 1, 2016 to January 17, 2017, the temperature in the wheat area of our province was 0.5 ℃ higher than the normal year. Therefore, there are no obvious signs of wheat overwintering in the wheat region of central and southern Hebei this year, basically with green overwintering, leaves without dry tip, and no freezing injury and dead seedlings in the main wheat field.

The provincial agricultural department summarized the results of field investigation. The growth of wheat seedlings this year is balanced and consistent, and the population is reasonable. The number of stems per mu in central and southern Hebei is between 750000 and 900000, and the number of stems per mu in central and northern Hebei is between 700000 and 760000. Wheat seedlings are in the stage of 5 leaves, 1 heart to 6 leaves, 2 tillers per plant, and 92% of the total area of wheat fields in the province.

However, this climate also brings many unfavorable factors to the growth and development of wheat, one is to increase the overwintering base of diseases and insect pests. Although there are several cold weather processes in winter, the time is short, the temperature is higher as a whole, and the overwintering base of diseases and insect pests is larger, which will have a tendency to take place more seriously. Second, the disease occurred earlier. There are more haze days in winter, and root rot and stem rot in some wheat fields occur ahead of schedule due to the influence of low temperature and low light. Third, weeds may break out in spring. Last year, the wheat field entered winter earlier, and most wheat fields did not have time to control weeds in autumn before winter, resulting in a high base number of weeds in the wheat field, which brought pressure on the control of weeds in spring. Fourth, there may be a trend of vigorous growth in some wheat fields. For the wheat fields with early sowing and large sowing amount in autumn, it is possible to flourish and increase the difficulty of field management. Fifth, the loss of soil moisture in some fields is heavy. Many plots do not form a permafrost layer, and there is little precipitation in winter, which will accelerate the loss of soil moisture as the temperature rises. In addition, there are many uncertain factors, such as whether there is a "late spring cold", drought and other adverse weather. In view of this, wheat field management can not be relaxed this year, it is necessary to bite on all key links, prepare medicine and equipment in advance, pay attention to the development of diseases and insect pests, and strengthen management because of seedlings.

Doing a good job of suppression is the primary measure of field management in spring. Repression can collapse soil and make up cracks, especially for wheat fields where straw is returned to the field. Repression can increase soil moisture, preserve soil moisture and increase temperature, promote wheat seedlings to turn green, and control growth and adjust population structure. Repression is usually suppressed by convex and concave ballast, and the time of suppression should be sooner rather than later. Where there are conditions, mechanical hoing can be adopted to achieve the effect of raising temperature and preserving soil moisture.

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests is an important measure throughout spring management. Strengthen field monitoring, once the disease occurs, it is necessary to see the film, see the film to meet, control the disease center, strictly prevent the epidemic in a large area. When using low toxic or biological pesticides, enough liquid should be sprayed through to improve the effect of prevention and control.

Skillful application of fertilizer and water is a measure that can not be ignored in green management. Under the premise of meeting the nutrition needed for the growth of wheat seedlings, we should use less chemical fertilizer as much as possible, improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer and control the zero growth of chemical fertilizer use. In watering, according to the water requirements of water-saving varieties, combined with topdressing, reduce watering times and water quantity, and improve the utilization rate of water. To meet these requirements, it is necessary to adopt formula fertilization, use the technology of "integration of water and fertilizer", and put an end to the practice of "big fertilizer and big water".

Adapting measures to local conditions is a flexible measure for field management. In the field management, we should break the convention and adopt flexible measures, such as the occurrence of "late spring cold", "drought and little rain" and other weather, we should carry out corresponding rescue measures to seize a bumper wheat harvest.